42 U.S.C. § 1981 · B case grid

B · Case × element grid

Top-level elements follow claim order in panels of up to six elements. Case rows repeat across panels. Every recorded block retains its holding and basis; multiple blocks are not merged into a case-level verdict. ✓ satisfied · ✗ not satisfied · ○ not reached · · not addressed. Muted blocks are not counted. Sub-element evidence remains on case and element pages.

Elements 1–6 of 15

42 U.S.C. § 1981
CasePersons protected by equal contractual rightsPlaintiff has rights in an existing or proposed contractFormation performance termination or contractual benefitsJudicial intentional-race-discrimination requirementJudicial but-for causation of contractual injuryNongovernmental impairment
Sosa v. N.Y.C. Dep't of Educ. & Marcy Berger — 368 F. Supp. 3d 489 (2019) · United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed
Wang v. Gen. Motors, LLC — 371 F. Supp. 3d 407 (2019) · United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Mills v. Cellco Partnership — 376 F. Supp. 3d 1228 (2019) · United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed
Gonzalez v. City of N.Y. — 377 F. Supp. 3d 273 (2019) · United States District Court for the Southern District of New York · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Benzinger v. Nysarc, Inc. — 385 F. Supp. 3d 224 (2019) · United States District Court for the Southern District of New York · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed
Nelson v. USAble Mutual Insurance Co. — 918 F.3d 990 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Astra2 · not independently reviewed)· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Bryant v. Jeffrey Sand Co. — 919 F.3d 520 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Astra2 · not independently reviewed)· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Haynes v. Waste Connections, Inc. — 922 F.3d 219 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Astra2 · not independently reviewed)· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: applied/merits
· not addressed
Lambert v. Tesla, Inc. — 923 F.3d 1246 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Haynes v. Dist. of Columbia Water — 924 F.3d 519 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: applied/procedural
· not addressed· not addressed
Hu v. City of New York — 927 F.3d 81 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Astra2 · QA: PASS (QA2, neov2/qa/wave2-cases-QA2-crosscheck.md))· not addressed
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: applied/merits
· not addressed
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: applied/merits
· not addressed
Freeman v. Metro. Water Reclamation Dist. of Greater Chi. — 927 F.3d 961 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Fields v. Bd. of Educ. of Chi. & Chad P. Weiden — 928 F.3d 622 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
FCS Advisors, LLC v. Missouri — 929 F.3d 618 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Brown v. Kansas City Live, LLC — 931 F.3d 712 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Astra2 · not independently reviewed)· not addressed· not addressed
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: background/procedural
· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Beasley v. Warren Unilube, Inc. — 933 F.3d 932 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed
Boxill v. O’Grady — 935 F.3d 510 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Astra2 · not independently reviewed)· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Ridgell v. City of Pine Bluff — 935 F.3d 633 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Astra2 · not independently reviewed)· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Jones v. R. R. Donnelley & Sons Co. — 541 U.S. 369 (2004) · Supreme Court of the United States · 2004 (42usc1981: author: Astra2 · not independently reviewed)· not addressed· not addressed
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: applied/procedural
· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Domino’s Pizza, Inc. v. McDonald — 546 U.S. 470 (2006) · Supreme Court of the United States · 2006 (42usc1981: author: Astra2 · QA: PASS (QA2, neov2/qa/wave2-cases-QA2-crosscheck.md))· not addressed
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: rule-announced/merits
· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
CBOCS West, Inc. v. Humphries — 553 U.S. 442 (2008) · Supreme Court of the United States · 2008 (42usc1981: author: Astra2 · historical QA: FIX (QA2, neov2/qa/wave2-cases-QA2-crosscheck.md) · changed after review; current content not independently reviewed)· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed

Elements 7–12 of 15

42 U.S.C. § 1981
CaseJudicial section 1983 remedial route for state-law impairmentOpposition to racial impairment of contract rightsJudicial defendant-knowledge requirement for retaliationJudicial material-adversity requirement for retaliationJudicial causation requirement for retaliatory injuryContract and retaliation scope with noncontract clauses identified
Sosa v. N.Y.C. Dep't of Educ. & Marcy Berger — 368 F. Supp. 3d 489 (2019) · United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Wang v. Gen. Motors, LLC — 371 F. Supp. 3d 407 (2019) · United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Mills v. Cellco Partnership — 376 F. Supp. 3d 1228 (2019) · United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Gonzalez v. City of N.Y. — 377 F. Supp. 3d 273 (2019) · United States District Court for the Southern District of New York · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Benzinger v. Nysarc, Inc. — 385 F. Supp. 3d 224 (2019) · United States District Court for the Southern District of New York · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Nelson v. USAble Mutual Insurance Co. — 918 F.3d 990 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Astra2 · not independently reviewed)· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Bryant v. Jeffrey Sand Co. — 919 F.3d 520 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Astra2 · not independently reviewed)· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Haynes v. Waste Connections, Inc. — 922 F.3d 219 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Astra2 · not independently reviewed)· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Lambert v. Tesla, Inc. — 923 F.3d 1246 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Haynes v. Dist. of Columbia Water — 924 F.3d 519 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Hu v. City of New York — 927 F.3d 81 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Astra2 · QA: PASS (QA2, neov2/qa/wave2-cases-QA2-crosscheck.md))
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: applied/merits
· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Freeman v. Metro. Water Reclamation Dist. of Greater Chi. — 927 F.3d 961 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Fields v. Bd. of Educ. of Chi. & Chad P. Weiden — 928 F.3d 622 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
FCS Advisors, LLC v. Missouri — 929 F.3d 618 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Brown v. Kansas City Live, LLC — 931 F.3d 712 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Astra2 · not independently reviewed)· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Beasley v. Warren Unilube, Inc. — 933 F.3d 932 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Boxill v. O’Grady — 935 F.3d 510 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Astra2 · not independently reviewed)· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Ridgell v. City of Pine Bluff — 935 F.3d 633 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Astra2 · not independently reviewed)· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Jones v. R. R. Donnelley & Sons Co. — 541 U.S. 369 (2004) · Supreme Court of the United States · 2004 (42usc1981: author: Astra2 · not independently reviewed)· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Domino’s Pizza, Inc. v. McDonald — 546 U.S. 470 (2006) · Supreme Court of the United States · 2006 (42usc1981: author: Astra2 · QA: PASS (QA2, neov2/qa/wave2-cases-QA2-crosscheck.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
CBOCS West, Inc. v. Humphries — 553 U.S. 442 (2008) · Supreme Court of the United States · 2008 (42usc1981: author: Astra2 · historical QA: FIX (QA2, neov2/qa/wave2-cases-QA2-crosscheck.md) · changed after review; current content not independently reviewed)· not addressed
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: rule-announced/merits
· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed

Elements 13–15 of 15

42 U.S.C. § 1981
CaseJudicial hostile-environment threshold and attributionClaim-specific limitations and accrualCompensatory equitable punitive and fee remedies
Sosa v. N.Y.C. Dep't of Educ. & Marcy Berger — 368 F. Supp. 3d 489 (2019) · United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed
Wang v. Gen. Motors, LLC — 371 F. Supp. 3d 407 (2019) · United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Mills v. Cellco Partnership — 376 F. Supp. 3d 1228 (2019) · United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed
Gonzalez v. City of N.Y. — 377 F. Supp. 3d 273 (2019) · United States District Court for the Southern District of New York · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Benzinger v. Nysarc, Inc. — 385 F. Supp. 3d 224 (2019) · United States District Court for the Southern District of New York · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Nelson v. USAble Mutual Insurance Co. — 918 F.3d 990 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Astra2 · not independently reviewed)· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Bryant v. Jeffrey Sand Co. — 919 F.3d 520 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Astra2 · not independently reviewed)· not addressed
✗ not · provedNot counted: applied/procedural
Haynes v. Waste Connections, Inc. — 922 F.3d 219 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Astra2 · not independently reviewed)· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Lambert v. Tesla, Inc. — 923 F.3d 1246 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: background/procedural
Haynes v. Dist. of Columbia Water — 924 F.3d 519 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Hu v. City of New York — 927 F.3d 81 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Astra2 · QA: PASS (QA2, neov2/qa/wave2-cases-QA2-crosscheck.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Freeman v. Metro. Water Reclamation Dist. of Greater Chi. — 927 F.3d 961 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Fields v. Bd. of Educ. of Chi. & Chad P. Weiden — 928 F.3d 622 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
FCS Advisors, LLC v. Missouri — 929 F.3d 618 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Brown v. Kansas City Live, LLC — 931 F.3d 712 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Astra2 · not independently reviewed)· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Beasley v. Warren Unilube, Inc. — 933 F.3d 932 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Boxill v. O’Grady — 935 F.3d 510 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Astra2 · not independently reviewed)· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Ridgell v. City of Pine Bluff — 935 F.3d 633 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Astra2 · not independently reviewed)· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Jones v. R. R. Donnelley & Sons Co. — 541 U.S. 369 (2004) · Supreme Court of the United States · 2004 (42usc1981: author: Astra2 · not independently reviewed)· not addressed
✗ not · lawNot counted: applied/procedural
· not addressed
Domino’s Pizza, Inc. v. McDonald — 546 U.S. 470 (2006) · Supreme Court of the United States · 2006 (42usc1981: author: Astra2 · QA: PASS (QA2, neov2/qa/wave2-cases-QA2-crosscheck.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
CBOCS West, Inc. v. Humphries — 553 U.S. 442 (2008) · Supreme Court of the United States · 2008 (42usc1981: author: Astra2 · historical QA: FIX (QA2, neov2/qa/wave2-cases-QA2-crosscheck.md) · changed after review; current content not independently reviewed)· not addressed· not addressed
✓ satisfied · lawNot counted: applied/procedural
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: applied/merits