AND · 42usc1981:retaliatory-adversity
Boxill’s pinned retaliation test requires materially adverse action. Apply the reasonable-worker deterrence inquiry in employment; petty slights alone do not satisfy it. Retaliation does not require proof that the challenged action was itself motivated by the plaintiff’s race.
Exact element source
the enjoyment of all benefits, privileges, terms, and conditions of the contractual relationship.Source:
docroot/ir/usc/title42.jsonl#title42_sec1981; Unicode character offsets [691:788] (end exclusive); SHA-256 5e5aa212ab2f30dd84c80b0b228057e2c583768ee608c391e0ac73d92e609577.Routes and case patterns
| Route | Definition | Merits instance blocks | Distinct merits cases | Examples (up to 3 cases per count group) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| _whole accepted; provisional (1 case) | The element is decided as a whole: the reasoning turns on no narrower doctrinal sub-question that distinguishes it from any other application of this element. | 1 Satisfied 0; not satisfied 1; excluded context 0 | 1 | Fields v. Bd. of Educ. of Chi. & Chad P. Weiden — 928 F.3d 622 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 2019 — not · no-evidence (42usc1981: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) · applied/merits · counted |
How courts decided this element
| Case | Element | Holding and scope | Pattern | Exact source quotations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fields v. Bd. of Educ. of Chi. & Chad P. Weiden — 928 F.3d 622 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 2019 — not · no-evidence (42usc1981: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | Judicial material-adversity requirement for retaliation | not Counted merits instance applied / merits basis: no-evidence | pre-meeting-notices-improvement-plans-and-mediation-without-discipline-after-suit | The notices stated that Fields could receive a "formal warning" or a "final warning" after the meetings, or that Weiden could recommend her dismissal to the Board.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_928.jsonl#/f3d/928/0622-01; Unicode character offsets [2467:2630] (end exclusive); SHA-256 7ec7a61801e1d993e5372359ff01b2cc26028b4beb3d7228164155fae15c66c7.The pre-meeting notices, which warned that discipline was possible, and the mediation, which resulted in no discipline, did not affect Fields's career prospects or salary.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_928.jsonl#/f3d/928/0622-01; Unicode character offsets [10993:11164] (end exclusive); SHA-256 7ec7a61801e1d993e5372359ff01b2cc26028b4beb3d7228164155fae15c66c7.Weiden did not object because he wanted Fields to improve her performance, so Fields received no discipline as a result of the performance-improvement plans.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_928.jsonl#/f3d/928/0622-01; Unicode character offsets [3096:3253] (end exclusive); SHA-256 7ec7a61801e1d993e5372359ff01b2cc26028b4beb3d7228164155fae15c66c7.To survive summary judgment Fields needed evidence that would permit a reasonable factfinder to conclude that her engagement in protected activity caused a materially adverse employment action.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_928.jsonl#/f3d/928/0622-01; Unicode character offsets [10291:10484] (end exclusive); SHA-256 7ec7a61801e1d993e5372359ff01b2cc26028b4beb3d7228164155fae15c66c7.And she did not experience anything else that rises to the level of a materially adverse employment action.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_928.jsonl#/f3d/928/0622-01; Unicode character offsets [10885:10992] (end exclusive); SHA-256 7ec7a61801e1d993e5372359ff01b2cc26028b4beb3d7228164155fae15c66c7.And the performance improvement plans, even though they had the potential to lead to termination or other discipline, are not enough.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_928.jsonl#/f3d/928/0622-01; Unicode character offsets [11227:11360] (end exclusive); SHA-256 7ec7a61801e1d993e5372359ff01b2cc26028b4beb3d7228164155fae15c66c7. |