United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 2019-06-14
42usc1981: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)
Case and law context
Role: applied; posture: civil; Sections 1981 and 1983 race-discrimination discharge claims against a municipal corporation; Rule 12(b)(6) dismissal vacated as to Section 1983/Title VII/ADA discrimination claims, affirmed as to the Monell policy claim on which the Section 1981 claim depends (CA7); result: claimant-lost; claim:
Uncertainty
holding: the race-discrimination pleading ruling (a bare allegation of discharge because of race suffices) is stated for the Section 1983 and Title VII claims only; the opinion says the Section 1981 claim against this public body needs Monell allegations, which it holds inadequate. The Section 1981 result is therefore recorded as claimant-lost and no racial-intent block is kept, although the mandate remands "race ... discrimination claims" generally.
Misfit
None recorded
B · Case × element grid
Top-level elements follow claim order in panels of up to six elements. Case rows repeat across panels. Every recorded block retains its holding and basis; multiple blocks are not merged into a case-level verdict. ✓ satisfied · ✗ not satisfied · ○ not reached · · not addressed. Muted blocks are not counted. Sub-element evidence remains on case and element pages.
Elements 1–6 of 15
| Case | Persons protected by equal contractual rights | Plaintiff has rights in an existing or proposed contract | Formation performance termination or contractual benefits | Judicial intentional-race-discrimination requirement | Judicial but-for causation of contractual injury | Nongovernmental impairment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Freeman v. Metro. Water Reclamation Dist. of Greater Chi. — 927 F.3d 961 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
Elements 7–12 of 15
| Case | Judicial section 1983 remedial route for state-law impairment | Opposition to racial impairment of contract rights | Judicial defendant-knowledge requirement for retaliation | Judicial material-adversity requirement for retaliation | Judicial causation requirement for retaliatory injury | Contract and retaliation scope with noncontract clauses identified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Freeman v. Metro. Water Reclamation Dist. of Greater Chi. — 927 F.3d 961 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
Elements 13–15 of 15
| Case | Judicial hostile-environment threshold and attribution | Claim-specific limitations and accrual | Compensatory equitable punitive and fee remedies |
|---|---|---|---|
| Freeman v. Metro. Water Reclamation Dist. of Greater Chi. — 927 F.3d 961 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 2019 (42usc1981: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
Instances and excluded annotation blocks
| Case | Element | Holding and scope | Pattern | Exact source quotations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Freeman v. Metro. Water Reclamation Dist. of Greater Chi. — 927 F.3d 961 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 2019 — satisfied · pleaded (42usc1981: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | Formation performance termination or contractual benefits | satisfied Counted merits instance applied / merits basis: pleaded | discharge-of-probationary-worker | The District fired Freeman while he was on probation, asserting "unsatisfactory performance."Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_927.jsonl#/f3d/927/0961-01; Unicode character offsets [2423:2516] (end exclusive); SHA-256 b8b5a3388cf320254eba34947ffe968fff6293d517feb963080c1db21c85f439. |
| Freeman v. Metro. Water Reclamation Dist. of Greater Chi. — 927 F.3d 961 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 2019 — satisfied · pleaded (42usc1981: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | Plaintiff has rights in an existing or proposed contract | satisfied Counted merits instance applied / merits basis: pleaded | probationary-at-will-plant-operator | Freeman began working for the District in May 2015 as an operator of a treatment plant.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_927.jsonl#/f3d/927/0961-01; Unicode character offsets [915:1002] (end exclusive); SHA-256 b8b5a3388cf320254eba34947ffe968fff6293d517feb963080c1db21c85f439.In his first year, Freeman, like all new hires, was a probationary worker, employed at will.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_927.jsonl#/f3d/927/0961-01; Unicode character offsets [1326:1418] (end exclusive); SHA-256 b8b5a3388cf320254eba34947ffe968fff6293d517feb963080c1db21c85f439. |
| Freeman v. Metro. Water Reclamation Dist. of Greater Chi. — 927 F.3d 961 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 2019 — satisfied · pleaded (42usc1981: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | Persons protected by equal contractual rights | satisfied Counted merits instance applied / merits basis: pleaded | african-american | He alleges that the District fired him "due to his race" (African-American) and "disability" (alcoholism).Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_927.jsonl#/f3d/927/0961-01; Unicode character offsets [3769:3875] (end exclusive); SHA-256 b8b5a3388cf320254eba34947ffe968fff6293d517feb963080c1db21c85f439. |
| Freeman v. Metro. Water Reclamation Dist. of Greater Chi. — 927 F.3d 961 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 2019 — not · pleaded (42usc1981: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | Judicial section 1983 remedial route for state-law impairment | not Counted merits instance applied / merits basis: pleaded | alleged-disproportionate-firing-of-black-probationers-without-saying-disparate-treatment-or-impact | Freeman alleges that the District disproportionately fires probationary employees who are African-American.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_927.jsonl#/f3d/927/0961-01; Unicode character offsets [9698:9805] (end exclusive); SHA-256 b8b5a3388cf320254eba34947ffe968fff6293d517feb963080c1db21c85f439.But Freeman does not allege whether the policy is to treat African-Americans disparately or that the District's probation powers have a disparate impact on them.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_927.jsonl#/f3d/927/0961-01; Unicode character offsets [9806:9967] (end exclusive); SHA-256 b8b5a3388cf320254eba34947ffe968fff6293d517feb963080c1db21c85f439.that law does not create a private right of action against public bodies unless the plaintiff has raised Monell allegations.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_927.jsonl#/f3d/927/0961-01; Unicode character offsets [9479:9603] (end exclusive); SHA-256 b8b5a3388cf320254eba34947ffe968fff6293d517feb963080c1db21c85f439.We affirm with respect to Freeman's contention that the District fired him pursuant to a policy that is unlawful under Monell v. Department of Social Services. , 436 U.S. 658, 694-95, 98 S.Ct. 2018, 56 L.Ed.2d 611 (1978).Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_927.jsonl#/f3d/927/0961-01; Unicode character offsets [496:717] (end exclusive); SHA-256 b8b5a3388cf320254eba34947ffe968fff6293d517feb963080c1db21c85f439.Because the district court recruited four attorneys to assist Freeman with pleading this claim adequately, and he had four opportunities to amend his complaint to do so and yet never did, we see no abuse of discretion in the dismissal of this claim without additional leave to amend.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_927.jsonl#/f3d/927/0961-01; Unicode character offsets [10206:10489] (end exclusive); SHA-256 b8b5a3388cf320254eba34947ffe968fff6293d517feb963080c1db21c85f439. |