B · Case × element grid
Top-level elements follow claim order in panels of up to six elements. Case rows repeat across panels. Every recorded block retains its holding and basis; multiple blocks are not merged into a case-level verdict. ✓ satisfied · ✗ not satisfied · ○ not reached · · not addressed. Muted blocks are not counted. Sub-element evidence remains on case and element pages.
Elements 1–6 of 18
Elements 7–12 of 18
| Case | Death or serious bodily injury results from the use of such substance (§ 841(b)(1)(A)-(C) 20-year mandatory minimum) | Recidivist enhancement for prior conviction for a serious drug felony or serious violent felony (§ 841(b)(1), 21 U.S.C. § 851) | Prohibited act under § 841(a)(1): manufacture, distribute, or dispense | Cross-statute route alias: see separate aiding-abetting (§ 2) and x-conspiracy-846 (§ 846) routes | Aiding and abetting route under 18 U.S.C. § 2 (cross-statute) | Categorical / modified categorical comparison of state drug offense to 21 U.S.C. § 841 (INA / ACCA / Guidelines) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States v. Person — 427 F. Supp. 2d 894 (2006) · United States District Court for the District of Minnesota · 2006 (21usc841: author: Fable · not independently reviewed) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | ○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: background/merits | · not addressed | · not addressed |
| United States v. Tiangco — 225 F. Supp. 3d 274 (2016) · United States District Court for the District of New Jersey · 2016 (21usc841: author: Fable · historical QA: FIX (QA2, neov2/qa/cases-QA2.md) · changed after review; current content not independently reviewed) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | ○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: applied/merits | · not addressed | · not addressed |
| United States v. Vera — 701 F.2d 1349 (1983) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit · 1983 (21usc841: author: Fable · not independently reviewed) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | ✓ satisfied · provedNot counted: background/merits | · not addressed | · not addressed |
| United States v. Prieto-Tejas — 779 F.2d 1098 (1986) · United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit · 1986 (21usc841: author: Fable · QA: PASS (QA1, neov2/qa/cases-v1-QA1.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | ✓ satisfied · provedNot counted: background/merits | · not addressed | · not addressed |
| United States v. Griffin — 150 F.3d 778 (1998) · United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 1998 (21usc841: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
| United States v. Quintanar — 150 F.3d 902 (1998) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit · 1998 (21usc841: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
| United States v. Lazcano-Villalobos — 175 F.3d 838 (1999) · United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit · 1999 (21usc841: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
| United States v. Jenkins — 175 F.3d 1208 (1999) · United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit · 1999 (21usc841: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
| United States v. Vincent — 20 F.3d 229 (1994) · United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit · 1994 (21usc841: author: Fable · not independently reviewed) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
| United States v. Nordby — 225 F.3d 1053 (2000) · United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit · 2000 (21usc841: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
| United States v. Hishaw — 235 F.3d 565 (2000) · United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit · 2000 (21usc841: author: Fable · historical QA: PASS (QA2, neov2/qa/cases-QA2.md) · changed after review; current content not independently reviewed) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
| United States v. Strayhorn — 250 F.3d 462 (2001) · United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit · 2001 (21usc841: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | |
| United States v. Soler — 275 F.3d 146 (2002) · United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit · 2002 (21usc841: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | ||
| United States v. Kitchen — 57 F.3d 516 (1995) · United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 1995 (21usc841: author: Fable · historical QA: PASS (QA1, neov2/qa/cases-QA1.md) · changed after review; current content not independently reviewed) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
| United States v. Orozco — 700 F.3d 1176 (2012) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit · 2012 (21usc841: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
| United States v. Teran-Salas — 767 F.3d 453 (2014) · United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit · 2014 (21usc841: author: Fable · historical QA: PASS (QA2, neov2/qa/cases-QA2.md) · changed after review; current content not independently reviewed) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | ✓ satisfied · lawNot counted: comparator/merits |
| Guillen v. U.S. Attorney Gen. — 910 F.3d 1174 (2018) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit · 2018 (21usc841: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | ✓ satisfied · lawNot counted: comparator/merits |
| United States v. Solis — 915 F.3d 1172 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit · 2019 (21usc841: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
| United States v. Seals — 915 F.3d 1203 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit · 2019 (21usc841: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | |
| U.S. v. Druger — 920 F.3d 567 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit · 2019 (21usc841: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
| United States v. Graves — 925 F.3d 1036 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit · 2019 (21usc841: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | |
| United States v. Daniels — 930 F.3d 393 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit · 2019 (21usc841: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | |
| United States v. Mazzulla — 932 F.3d 1091 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit · 2019 (21usc841: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
| United States v. Rashun Suncar — 142 F.4th 259 (2025) · Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit · 2025 (21usc841: author: Fable · not independently reviewed) | · not addressed | ○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: comparator/merits | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | ✓ satisfied · lawNot counted: comparator/merits ✓ satisfied · lawNot counted: comparator/merits |
| Chapman v. United States — 500 U.S. 453 (1991) · Supreme Court of the United States · 1991 (21usc841: author: Fable · historical QA: PASS (QA2, neov2/qa/cases-QA2.md) · changed after review; current content not independently reviewed) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
| Moncrieffe v. Holder — 569 U.S. 184 (2013) · Supreme Court of the United States · 2013 (21usc841: author: Fable · historical QA: PASS (QA1, neov2/qa/cases-QA1.md) · changed after review; current content not independently reviewed) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
| Burrage v. United States — 571 U.S. 204 (2014) · Supreme Court of the United States · 2014 (21usc841: author: Fable · QA: PASS (QA1, neov2/qa/cases-v1-QA1.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
Elements 13–18 of 18
| Case | Drug conspiracy route under 21 U.S.C. § 846 (cross-statute) | Fifth Amendment Due Process / Equal Protection challenge to carrier-medium weight sentencing (Chapman) | Affirmative defense of entrapment (government inducement + lack of predisposition) | Rule of lenity in construing ambiguous penalty provisions of § 841(b) | Fifth Amendment void-for-vagueness challenge to "mixture or substance" or analogue provisions | Continuing-offense venue for § 841(a)(1) possession with intent to distribute / distribution (18 U.S.C. § 3237(a)) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States v. Person — 427 F. Supp. 2d 894 (2006) · United States District Court for the District of Minnesota · 2006 (21usc841: author: Fable · not independently reviewed) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
| United States v. Tiangco — 225 F. Supp. 3d 274 (2016) · United States District Court for the District of New Jersey · 2016 (21usc841: author: Fable · historical QA: FIX (QA2, neov2/qa/cases-QA2.md) · changed after review; current content not independently reviewed) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | ✓ satisfied · lawNot counted: applied/procedural |
| United States v. Vera — 701 F.2d 1349 (1983) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit · 1983 (21usc841: author: Fable · not independently reviewed) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
| United States v. Prieto-Tejas — 779 F.2d 1098 (1986) · United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit · 1986 (21usc841: author: Fable · QA: PASS (QA1, neov2/qa/cases-v1-QA1.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
| United States v. Griffin — 150 F.3d 778 (1998) · United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 1998 (21usc841: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
| United States v. Quintanar — 150 F.3d 902 (1998) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit · 1998 (21usc841: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
| United States v. Lazcano-Villalobos — 175 F.3d 838 (1999) · United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit · 1999 (21usc841: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
| United States v. Jenkins — 175 F.3d 1208 (1999) · United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit · 1999 (21usc841: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
| United States v. Vincent — 20 F.3d 229 (1994) · United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit · 1994 (21usc841: author: Fable · not independently reviewed) | · not addressed | · not addressed | ○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: applied/procedural | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
| United States v. Nordby — 225 F.3d 1053 (2000) · United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit · 2000 (21usc841: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
| United States v. Hishaw — 235 F.3d 565 (2000) · United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit · 2000 (21usc841: author: Fable · historical QA: PASS (QA2, neov2/qa/cases-QA2.md) · changed after review; current content not independently reviewed) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
| United States v. Strayhorn — 250 F.3d 462 (2001) · United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit · 2001 (21usc841: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
| United States v. Soler — 275 F.3d 146 (2002) · United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit · 2002 (21usc841: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | |
| United States v. Kitchen — 57 F.3d 516 (1995) · United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 1995 (21usc841: author: Fable · historical QA: PASS (QA1, neov2/qa/cases-QA1.md) · changed after review; current content not independently reviewed) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
| United States v. Orozco — 700 F.3d 1176 (2012) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit · 2012 (21usc841: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
| United States v. Teran-Salas — 767 F.3d 453 (2014) · United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit · 2014 (21usc841: author: Fable · historical QA: PASS (QA2, neov2/qa/cases-QA2.md) · changed after review; current content not independently reviewed) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
| Guillen v. U.S. Attorney Gen. — 910 F.3d 1174 (2018) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit · 2018 (21usc841: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
| United States v. Solis — 915 F.3d 1172 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit · 2019 (21usc841: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
| United States v. Seals — 915 F.3d 1203 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit · 2019 (21usc841: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
| U.S. v. Druger — 920 F.3d 567 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit · 2019 (21usc841: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
| United States v. Graves — 925 F.3d 1036 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit · 2019 (21usc841: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
| United States v. Daniels — 930 F.3d 393 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit · 2019 (21usc841: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | |
| United States v. Mazzulla — 932 F.3d 1091 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit · 2019 (21usc841: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
| United States v. Rashun Suncar — 142 F.4th 259 (2025) · Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit · 2025 (21usc841: author: Fable · not independently reviewed) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
| Chapman v. United States — 500 U.S. 453 (1991) · Supreme Court of the United States · 1991 (21usc841: author: Fable · historical QA: PASS (QA2, neov2/qa/cases-QA2.md) · changed after review; current content not independently reviewed) | · not addressed | ✗ not · lawNot counted: applied/procedural | · not addressed | ✗ not · lawNot counted: applied/procedural | ✗ not · lawNot counted: applied/procedural | · not addressed |
| Moncrieffe v. Holder — 569 U.S. 184 (2013) · Supreme Court of the United States · 2013 (21usc841: author: Fable · historical QA: PASS (QA1, neov2/qa/cases-QA1.md) · changed after review; current content not independently reviewed) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
| Burrage v. United States — 571 U.S. 204 (2014) · Supreme Court of the United States · 2014 (21usc841: author: Fable · QA: PASS (QA1, neov2/qa/cases-v1-QA1.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |