United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit · 2019-07-10
21usc841: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)
Case and law context
Role: applied; posture: criminal; jury convictions for conspiracy to distribute cocaine (count 1), distributing crack cocaine (count 2) and aiding and abetting possession with intent to distribute crack cocaine (count 3); defendant challenges suppression, a limine ruling, confrontation, and sufficiency of the evidence on all counts (de novo); affirmed; result: claimant-won; claim: (a)(1) & (b)(1)(B)
Uncertainty
opinion: body ends @25301; @25301..29958 are the opinion's own footnotes (mostly bare citations) appended by the IR; one span. The sources of the [quoted] rules are in those footnotes.
Misfit
None recorded
B · Case × element grid
Top-level elements follow claim order in panels of up to six elements. Case rows repeat across panels. Every recorded block retains its holding and basis; multiple blocks are not merged into a case-level verdict. ✓ satisfied · ✗ not satisfied · ○ not reached · · not addressed. Muted blocks are not counted. Sub-element evidence remains on case and element pages.
Elements 1–6 of 18
| Case | Mens rea: "knowingly or intentionally" (including knowledge that the substance is a controlled substance) | Controlled substance (21 U.S.C. §§ 802(6), 812 Schedules I-V) or counterfeit substance (§ 841(a)(2)) | Authorization exception ("Except as authorized by this subchapter") for registered practitioners/handlers | Possession (actual, constructive, sole, or joint dominion and control) | Specific intent to manufacture, distribute, or dispense the possessed controlled substance | Partial penalty-tier drug type and quantity table (selected § 841(b)(1)(A)-(D) hook) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States v. Daniels — 930 F.3d 393 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit · 2019 (21usc841: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
Elements 7–12 of 18
Elements 13–18 of 18
| Case | Drug conspiracy route under 21 U.S.C. § 846 (cross-statute) | Fifth Amendment Due Process / Equal Protection challenge to carrier-medium weight sentencing (Chapman) | Affirmative defense of entrapment (government inducement + lack of predisposition) | Rule of lenity in construing ambiguous penalty provisions of § 841(b) | Fifth Amendment void-for-vagueness challenge to "mixture or substance" or analogue provisions | Continuing-offense venue for § 841(a)(1) possession with intent to distribute / distribution (18 U.S.C. § 3237(a)) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States v. Daniels — 930 F.3d 393 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit · 2019 (21usc841: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
Instances and excluded annotation blocks
| Case | Element | Holding and scope | Pattern | Exact source quotations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States v. Daniels — 930 F.3d 393 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit · 2019 — satisfied · proved (21usc841: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | Distribution (delivery / actual, constructive, or attempted transfer of a controlled substance) | satisfied Counted merits instance applied / merits basis: proved; claim: (a)(1) & (b)(1)(B); count: Distribution of crack cocaine on May 4, 2015; subject: count=Distribution of crack cocaine on May 4, 2015 Hand-to-hand sale of crack cocaine outside house captured on surveillance video, with recovered cocaine and cash in residence, supported distribution conviction. | hand-to-hand-sale-captured-on-video | The jury saw video footage of the transaction. Officers apprehended the woman shortly after and saw her throw a piece of crack cocaine out her car window.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_930.jsonl#/f3d/930/0393-01; Unicode character offsets [16629:16783] (end exclusive); SHA-256 fd747f81a01f21992700ce0494ad46a177d836c04c22f9d8b49accd18c94724a.And when officers searched Daniels's house later, they found cocaine residue and $2,000 in cash.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_930.jsonl#/f3d/930/0393-01; Unicode character offsets [16784:16880] (end exclusive); SHA-256 fd747f81a01f21992700ce0494ad46a177d836c04c22f9d8b49accd18c94724a.A rational trier of fact could easily find that Daniels knowingly and intentionally distributed crack cocaine. There was no error.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_930.jsonl#/f3d/930/0393-01; Unicode character offsets [16881:17011] (end exclusive); SHA-256 fd747f81a01f21992700ce0494ad46a177d836c04c22f9d8b49accd18c94724a. |
| United States v. Daniels — 930 F.3d 393 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit · 2019 — satisfied · proved (21usc841: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | Aiding and abetting route under 18 U.S.C. § 2 (cross-statute) | satisfied Counted merits instance applied / merits basis: proved; claim: (a)(1) & (b)(1)(B); count: Aiding and abetting possession with intent to distribute 28 grams or more of crack cocaine on December 2, 2015; subject: count=Aiding and abetting possession with intent to distribute 28 grams or more of crack cocaine on December 2, 2015 An aider and abettor under 18 U.S.C. § 2 need not have actual or constructive possession of the drugs, so defendant's argument that he had no drugs on him was held irrelevant; long association with the venture, supplying the cellophane for wrapping cash, and presence in the motel bathroom at the flush, in a room holding $286,000 and six ounces of crack, sufficed. | packaging-supplies-and-lookout-in-motel-room | He also closely associated himself with the criminal venture on the day in question by coming and going from the motel room and by dining with the other participants.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_930.jsonl#/f3d/930/0393-01; Unicode character offsets [18369:18535] (end exclusive); SHA-256 fd747f81a01f21992700ce0494ad46a177d836c04c22f9d8b49accd18c94724a.Daniels provided the cellophane for cash wrapping. After the fateful toilet flush, DEA agents entered the room and found Daniels seated on the toilet, fully clothed, with the seat cover down.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_930.jsonl#/f3d/930/0393-01; Unicode character offsets [18785:18976] (end exclusive); SHA-256 fd747f81a01f21992700ce0494ad46a177d836c04c22f9d8b49accd18c94724a.The hotel room contained $286,000 in cash and six ounces of crack cocaine.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_930.jsonl#/f3d/930/0393-01; Unicode character offsets [18977:19051] (end exclusive); SHA-256 fd747f81a01f21992700ce0494ad46a177d836c04c22f9d8b49accd18c94724a.A conviction for aiding and abetting requires proof that "the substantive offense occurred and that the defendant (1) associated with the criminal venture; (2) purposefully participated in the crime; and (3) sought by his actions for it to succeed."Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_930.jsonl#/f3d/930/0393-01; Unicode character offsets [17436:17685] (end exclusive); SHA-256 fd747f81a01f21992700ce0494ad46a177d836c04c22f9d8b49accd18c94724a.And as Scott clarified, a defendant who aids and abets the possession with intent to distribute a controlled substance "need not have actual or constructive possession of the drugs."Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_930.jsonl#/f3d/930/0393-01; Unicode character offsets [17686:17868] (end exclusive); SHA-256 fd747f81a01f21992700ce0494ad46a177d836c04c22f9d8b49accd18c94724a.Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, a rational trier of fact could easily conclude that Daniels was aiding and abetting. There was sufficient evidence to convict Daniels of Count 3.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_930.jsonl#/f3d/930/0393-01; Unicode character offsets [19052:19266] (end exclusive); SHA-256 fd747f81a01f21992700ce0494ad46a177d836c04c22f9d8b49accd18c94724a. |
| United States v. Daniels — 930 F.3d 393 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit · 2019 — satisfied · proved (21usc841: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | Drug conspiracy route under 21 U.S.C. § 846 (cross-statute) | satisfied Counted merits instance applied / merits basis: proved; claim: (a)(1) & (b)(1)(B); count: Conspiracy to distribute 5 kilograms or more of powder cocaine and 28 grams or more of crack cocaine (§ 846); subject: count=Conspiracy to distribute 5 kilograms or more of powder cocaine and 28 grams or more of crack cocaine (§ 846) Added at triage: sufficiency of the § 846 conspiracy count was contested and decided on the same footing as counts 2 and 3; co-conspirator testimony (transport, cash wrapping, fronted crack) defeated the "unwitting helpful friend" characterization. | helper-who-unloads-drugs-wraps-cash-and-sells-fronted-crack | James and Joppa Jackson testified that Daniels helped them transport cocaine from Houston to New Orleans.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_930.jsonl#/f3d/930/0393-01; Unicode character offsets [15722:15827] (end exclusive); SHA-256 fd747f81a01f21992700ce0494ad46a177d836c04c22f9d8b49accd18c94724a.James also testified that Daniels helped him wrap money in cellophane and load the cars with money "[a]ll the time."Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_930.jsonl#/f3d/930/0393-01; Unicode character offsets [15914:16030] (end exclusive); SHA-256 fd747f81a01f21992700ce0494ad46a177d836c04c22f9d8b49accd18c94724a.Both James and Joppa Jackson testified that they fronted crack cocaine to Daniels so that Daniels could sell it.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_930.jsonl#/f3d/930/0393-01; Unicode character offsets [16031:16143] (end exclusive); SHA-256 fd747f81a01f21992700ce0494ad46a177d836c04c22f9d8b49accd18c94724a.Per Supreme Court directive, "[a] conviction for a drug conspiracy requires proof of '(1) an agreement between two or more persons to violate the narcotics laws, (2) the defendant's knowledge of the agreement, and (3) the defendant's voluntary participation in the conspiracy.' "Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_930.jsonl#/f3d/930/0393-01; Unicode character offsets [14866:15145] (end exclusive); SHA-256 fd747f81a01f21992700ce0494ad46a177d836c04c22f9d8b49accd18c94724a.A rational trier of fact could easily find that Daniels was conspiring to distribute 5 kilograms or more of powder cocaine and 28 grams or more of crack cocaine beyond a reasonable doubt.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_930.jsonl#/f3d/930/0393-01; Unicode character offsets [16144:16331] (end exclusive); SHA-256 fd747f81a01f21992700ce0494ad46a177d836c04c22f9d8b49accd18c94724a. |