OR · 21usc841:aiding-abetting
Cross-statute route only; § 2 supplies the aiding theory and § 841 supplies the substantive offense.
Exact element source
any person who violates subsection (a) of this sectionSource:
docroot/ir/usc/title21.jsonl#title21_sec841; Unicode character offsets [489:543] (end exclusive); SHA-256 ebaba73bf6e21a591f44bf851f24a052a5687813c505030cd9483e17753e9420.Routes and case patterns
| Route | Definition | Merits instance blocks | Distinct merits cases | Examples (up to 3 cases per count group) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| _whole accepted; provisional (1 case) | The element is decided as a whole: the reasoning turns on no narrower doctrinal sub-question that distinguishes it from any other application of this element. | 1 Satisfied 1; not satisfied 0; excluded context 0 | 1 | United States v. Daniels — 930 F.3d 393 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit · 2019 — satisfied · proved (21usc841: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) · applied/merits · counted |
How courts decided this element
| Case | Element | Holding and scope | Pattern | Exact source quotations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States v. Daniels — 930 F.3d 393 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit · 2019 — satisfied · proved (21usc841: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | Aiding and abetting route under 18 U.S.C. § 2 (cross-statute) | satisfied Counted merits instance applied / merits basis: proved; claim: (a)(1) & (b)(1)(B); count: Aiding and abetting possession with intent to distribute 28 grams or more of crack cocaine on December 2, 2015; subject: count=Aiding and abetting possession with intent to distribute 28 grams or more of crack cocaine on December 2, 2015 An aider and abettor under 18 U.S.C. § 2 need not have actual or constructive possession of the drugs, so defendant's argument that he had no drugs on him was held irrelevant; long association with the venture, supplying the cellophane for wrapping cash, and presence in the motel bathroom at the flush, in a room holding $286,000 and six ounces of crack, sufficed. | packaging-supplies-and-lookout-in-motel-room | He also closely associated himself with the criminal venture on the day in question by coming and going from the motel room and by dining with the other participants.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_930.jsonl#/f3d/930/0393-01; Unicode character offsets [18369:18535] (end exclusive); SHA-256 fd747f81a01f21992700ce0494ad46a177d836c04c22f9d8b49accd18c94724a.Daniels provided the cellophane for cash wrapping. After the fateful toilet flush, DEA agents entered the room and found Daniels seated on the toilet, fully clothed, with the seat cover down.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_930.jsonl#/f3d/930/0393-01; Unicode character offsets [18785:18976] (end exclusive); SHA-256 fd747f81a01f21992700ce0494ad46a177d836c04c22f9d8b49accd18c94724a.The hotel room contained $286,000 in cash and six ounces of crack cocaine.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_930.jsonl#/f3d/930/0393-01; Unicode character offsets [18977:19051] (end exclusive); SHA-256 fd747f81a01f21992700ce0494ad46a177d836c04c22f9d8b49accd18c94724a.A conviction for aiding and abetting requires proof that "the substantive offense occurred and that the defendant (1) associated with the criminal venture; (2) purposefully participated in the crime; and (3) sought by his actions for it to succeed."Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_930.jsonl#/f3d/930/0393-01; Unicode character offsets [17436:17685] (end exclusive); SHA-256 fd747f81a01f21992700ce0494ad46a177d836c04c22f9d8b49accd18c94724a.And as Scott clarified, a defendant who aids and abets the possession with intent to distribute a controlled substance "need not have actual or constructive possession of the drugs."Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_930.jsonl#/f3d/930/0393-01; Unicode character offsets [17686:17868] (end exclusive); SHA-256 fd747f81a01f21992700ce0494ad46a177d836c04c22f9d8b49accd18c94724a.Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, a rational trier of fact could easily conclude that Daniels was aiding and abetting. There was sufficient evidence to convict Daniels of Count 3.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_930.jsonl#/f3d/930/0393-01; Unicode character offsets [19052:19266] (end exclusive); SHA-256 fd747f81a01f21992700ce0494ad46a177d836c04c22f9d8b49accd18c94724a. |