OR · 42usc2000e-2:adverse-action
Actionable harm to employment status or terms, conditions, or privileges of employment under § 2000e-2(a)(1)-(2).
Exact element source
to fail or refuse to hire or to discharge any individual, or otherwise to discriminate against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employmentSource:
docroot/ir/usc/title42.jsonl#title42_sec2000e-2; Unicode character offsets [128:318] (end exclusive); SHA-256 7b026a9ac957c5491602d868578271db8730b4c98650f1a4007b2e7430194c8b.to limit, segregate, or classify his employees or applicants for employment in any way which would deprive or tend to deprive any individual of employment opportunities or otherwise adversely affect his status as an employeeSource:
docroot/ir/usc/title42.jsonl#title42_sec2000e-2; Unicode character offsets [404:628] (end exclusive); SHA-256 7b026a9ac957c5491602d868578271db8730b4c98650f1a4007b2e7430194c8b.Routes and case patterns
| Route | Definition | Merits instance blocks | Distinct merits cases | Examples (up to 3 cases per count group) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unclassified route provisional; 2 observed cases | no definition yet | 0 Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 2 | 0 | Used only in non-merits blocks (2). Excluded context examples:Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Francis W. Parker School — 41 F.3d 1073 (1994) · United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 1994 — not reached · basis not recorded (42usc2000e-2: author: Fable · historical QA: FIX (QA2, neov2/qa/cases-QA2.md) · changed after review; current content not independently reviewed) · comparator/merits · not counted Harris v. Forklift Systems, Inc. — 510 U.S. 17 (1993) · Supreme Court of the United States · 1993 — not reached · basis not recorded (42usc2000e-2: author: Fable · historical QA: PASS (QA2, neov2/qa/cases-QA2.md) · changed after review; current content not independently reviewed) · rule-announced/merits · not counted |
| _whole accepted; provisional (1 case) | The element is decided as a whole: the reasoning turns on no narrower doctrinal sub-question that distinguishes it from any other application of this element. | 1 Satisfied 0; not satisfied 1; excluded context 0 | 1 | Hiatt v. Colorado Seminary — 858 F.3d 1307 (2017) · United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit · 2017 — not · no-evidence (42usc2000e-2: author: Fable · historical QA: PASS (QA2, neov2/qa/cases-QA2.md) · changed after review; current content not independently reviewed) · applied/merits · counted |
| compensation provisional; provisional (1 case) | Whether a difference in pay or benefits is the adverse action. | 1 Satisfied 1; not satisfied 0; excluded context 0 | 1 | Spencer v. VIRGINIA STATE UNIVERSITY — 919 F.3d 199 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit · 2019 — satisfied · conceded (42usc2000e-2: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) · applied/merits · counted |
| constructive-discharge provisional; 3 observed cases | Whether working conditions were so intolerable that resignation counts as discharge. | 3 Satisfied 1; not satisfied 2; excluded context 0 | 3 | Martinelli v. Bancroft Chophouse, LLC — 357 F. Supp. 3d 95 (2019) · United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts · 2019 — not · no-evidence (42usc2000e-2: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) · applied/merits · counted Beck v. Figeac Aero N. Am., Inc. — 382 F. Supp. 3d 1170 (2019) · United States District Court for the District of Kansas · 2019 — satisfied · pleaded (42usc2000e-2: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) · applied/merits · counted Hiatt v. Colorado Seminary — 858 F.3d 1307 (2017) · United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit · 2017 — not · no-evidence (42usc2000e-2: author: Fable · historical QA: PASS (QA2, neov2/qa/cases-QA2.md) · changed after review; current content not independently reviewed) · applied/merits · counted |
| demotion-or-reassignment provisional; 2 observed cases | Whether a demotion, loss of duties or schedule change is materially adverse. | 2 Satisfied 2; not satisfied 0; excluded context 0 | 2 | Ginger v. District of Columbia — 477 F. Supp. 2d 41 (2007) · United States District Court for the District of Columbia · 2007 — satisfied · triable (42usc2000e-2: author: Fable · not independently reviewed) · applied/merits · counted Hiatt v. Colorado Seminary — 858 F.3d 1307 (2017) · United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit · 2017 — satisfied · law (42usc2000e-2: author: Fable · historical QA: PASS (QA2, neov2/qa/cases-QA2.md) · changed after review; current content not independently reviewed) · applied/merits · counted |
| discharge provisional; 7 observed cases | Whether the plaintiff was terminated or not renewed. | 6 Satisfied 6; not satisfied 0; excluded context 1 | 6 | Glenn v. Raymour — 832 F. Supp. 2d 539 (2011) · United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania · 2011 — satisfied · conceded (42usc2000e-2: author: Fable · historical QA: PASS (QA2, neov2/qa/cases-QA2.md) · changed after review; current content not independently reviewed) · applied/merits · counted Evans v. Staples, Inc. — 375 F. Supp. 3d 117 (2019) · United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts · 2019 — satisfied · pleaded (42usc2000e-2: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) · applied/merits · counted Turner v. Barber-Scotia College — 604 F. Supp. 1450 (1985) · United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina · 1985 — satisfied · conceded (42usc2000e-2: author: Fable · historical QA: PASS (QA1, neov2/qa/cases-QA1.md) · changed after review; current content not independently reviewed) · applied/merits · counted Desert Palace, Inc. v. Costa — 539 U.S. 90 (2003) · Supreme Court of the United States · 2003 — satisfied · proved (42usc2000e-2: author: Fable · historical QA: PASS (QA1, neov2/qa/cases-v1-QA1.md) · changed after review; current content not independently reviewed) · applied/lower-court · not counted |
| failure-to-hire-or-promote provisional; 7 observed cases | Whether the plaintiff was denied a job or promotion. | 7 Satisfied 7; not satisfied 0; excluded context 0 | 7 | Henderson v. Mass. Bay Transp. Auth. — 384 F. Supp. 3d 199 (2019) · United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts · 2019 — satisfied · conceded (42usc2000e-2: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) · applied/merits · counted Costa v. Markey — 706 F.2d 1 (1982) · United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit · 1982 — satisfied · conceded (42usc2000e-2: author: Fable · historical QA: PASS (QA1, neov2/qa/cases-QA1.md) · changed after review; current content not independently reviewed) · applied/merits · counted Luceus v. Rhode Island — 923 F.3d 255 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit · 2019 — satisfied · assumed (42usc2000e-2: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) · applied/merits · counted |
How courts decided this element
| Case | Element | Holding and scope | Pattern | Exact source quotations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ginger v. District of Columbia — 477 F. Supp. 2d 41 (2007) · United States District Court for the District of Columbia · 2007 — satisfied · triable (42usc2000e-2: author: Fable · not independently reviewed) | Adverse employment action affecting compensation, terms, conditions, privileges, or status | satisfied Counted merits instance applied / merits basis: triable; claim: (a)(1); 2000e-3(a) Tentatively phrased ("hard to say ... is not"); the only prima facie prong plaintiffs clear. | shift-change/permanent-night-shift-to-rotating-shifts-with-lost-differential | Prior to the reorganization, all plaintiffs worked the midnight shift on a permanent basis and received the night differential (4% of the officer’s base pay).Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f_supp_2d_477.jsonl#/f-supp-2d/477/0041-01; Unicode character offsets [11850:12008] (end exclusive); SHA-256 98f9fdfbd29e7eaa93261d6440fe0ed8e4821a6a9a6334e41f0be98ebbbe49e1.In addition, plaintiffs argue that they lost overtime opportunities when they were forced to work rotating shifts because they could not routinely testify in court during the day.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f_supp_2d_477.jsonl#/f-supp-2d/477/0041-01; Unicode character offsets [12127:12306] (end exclusive); SHA-256 98f9fdfbd29e7eaa93261d6440fe0ed8e4821a6a9a6334e41f0be98ebbbe49e1.Moreover, plaintiffs were precluded from maintaining other part-time work and incurred additional expenses for childcare that they did not incur prior to the reorganization.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f_supp_2d_477.jsonl#/f-supp-2d/477/0041-01; Unicode character offsets [12311:12484] (end exclusive); SHA-256 98f9fdfbd29e7eaa93261d6440fe0ed8e4821a6a9a6334e41f0be98ebbbe49e1.An employee suffers an adverse employment action if he experiences “materially adverse consequences affecting the terms, conditions, or privileges, of employment or future employment opportunities such that a reasonable trier of fact could find objectively tangible harm.”Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f_supp_2d_477.jsonl#/f-supp-2d/477/0041-01; Unicode character offsets [10619:10891] (end exclusive); SHA-256 98f9fdfbd29e7eaa93261d6440fe0ed8e4821a6a9a6334e41f0be98ebbbe49e1.Similar to Freedman, it is hard to say that a change from a permanent midnight shift to a rotating shift where one’s schedule changes every month is not a change in the conditions or privileges of employment sufficient to constitute an adverse employment action.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f_supp_2d_477.jsonl#/f-supp-2d/477/0041-01; Unicode character offsets [14663:14925] (end exclusive); SHA-256 98f9fdfbd29e7eaa93261d6440fe0ed8e4821a6a9a6334e41f0be98ebbbe49e1. |
| Glenn v. Raymour — 832 F. Supp. 2d 539 (2011) · United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania · 2011 — satisfied · conceded (42usc2000e-2: author: Fable · historical QA: PASS (QA2, neov2/qa/cases-QA2.md) · changed after review; current content not independently reviewed) | Adverse employment action affecting compensation, terms, conditions, privileges, or status | satisfied Counted merits instance applied / merits basis: conceded; claim: (a)(1) | same-day-termination-after-coworker-altercation | Mirth returned to Glenn and told him to punch out for the day because he was terminated.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f_supp_2d_832.jsonl#/f-supp-2d/832/0539-01; Unicode character offsets [7899:7987] (end exclusive); SHA-256 ad682cd3ab80d3bbd67d0ed1b42af8b4626a1b1756981872f0895f0ffadff61f.In establishing the third element of his prima facie case, Glenn need only show that he was discharged from a position for which he was qualified.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f_supp_2d_832.jsonl#/f-supp-2d/832/0539-01; Unicode character offsets [40819:40965] (end exclusive); SHA-256 ad682cd3ab80d3bbd67d0ed1b42af8b4626a1b1756981872f0895f0ffadff61f.In this case, the fact that Glenn was discharged is undisputed.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f_supp_2d_832.jsonl#/f-supp-2d/832/0539-01; Unicode character offsets [41117:41180] (end exclusive); SHA-256 ad682cd3ab80d3bbd67d0ed1b42af8b4626a1b1756981872f0895f0ffadff61f. |
| Martinelli v. Bancroft Chophouse, LLC — 357 F. Supp. 3d 95 (2019) · United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts · 2019 — not · no-evidence (42usc2000e-2: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | Adverse employment action affecting compensation, terms, conditions, privileges, or status | not Counted merits instance applied / merits basis: no-evidence; claim: (a)(1) Constructive discharge was not pleaded as a separate claim; the court treats the allegation of forced resignation as one and rejects it "for the same reasons" as the hostile-environment claim. | resigned-for-new-job-two-weeks-after-complaint-without-using-internal-channels | He resigned his employment with The Bancroft the following day, approximately two weeks after he had submitted his complaint about Seznec.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f_supp_3d_357.jsonl#/f-supp-3d/357/0095-01; Unicode character offsets [1194:1332] (end exclusive); SHA-256 e341ff3eb37061e227f597bc3535d6b9e36a2d9af8bbde04a17f6618a4b5caf3.On October, 10, 2014, Martinelli interviewed with another restaurant and was hired that same day.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f_supp_3d_357.jsonl#/f-supp-3d/357/0095-01; Unicode character offsets [1096:1193] (end exclusive); SHA-256 e341ff3eb37061e227f597bc3535d6b9e36a2d9af8bbde04a17f6618a4b5caf3.Indeed, Martinelli had an opportunity to address his perceived ostracism by submitting complaints to Human Resources or speaking to the managers directly.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f_supp_3d_357.jsonl#/f-supp-3d/357/0095-01; Unicode character offsets [17759:17913] (end exclusive); SHA-256 e341ff3eb37061e227f597bc3535d6b9e36a2d9af8bbde04a17f6618a4b5caf3.To establish a claim for constructive discharge, a plaintiff must demonstrate that he was subjected to conditions "so severe and oppressive" that a reasonable person in that position would have been compelled to resign.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f_supp_3d_357.jsonl#/f-supp-3d/357/0095-01; Unicode character offsets [16721:16940] (end exclusive); SHA-256 e341ff3eb37061e227f597bc3535d6b9e36a2d9af8bbde04a17f6618a4b5caf3.A reasonable person in Martinelli's position would not have felt that the alleged ostracism and general uncomfortable environment was so severe and oppressive as to compel him or her to resign.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f_supp_3d_357.jsonl#/f-supp-3d/357/0095-01; Unicode character offsets [17565:17758] (end exclusive); SHA-256 e341ff3eb37061e227f597bc3535d6b9e36a2d9af8bbde04a17f6618a4b5caf3. |
| Evans v. Staples, Inc. — 375 F. Supp. 3d 117 (2019) · United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts · 2019 — satisfied · pleaded (42usc2000e-2: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | Adverse employment action affecting compensation, terms, conditions, privileges, or status | satisfied Counted merits instance applied / merits basis: pleaded; claim: (a) | early-termination-of-temporary-placement | According to Plaintiff, this assignment was meant to end in August 2015.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f_supp_3d_375.jsonl#/f-supp-3d/375/0117-01; Unicode character offsets [988:1060] (end exclusive); SHA-256 6049c9626d71ce89b276768b61451e839fe24594dfab66b83a74acb956c07090.Her employer took an adverse action against her by terminating her employment earlier than expected.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f_supp_3d_375.jsonl#/f-supp-3d/375/0117-01; Unicode character offsets [13766:13866] (end exclusive); SHA-256 6049c9626d71ce89b276768b61451e839fe24594dfab66b83a74acb956c07090. |
| Beck v. Figeac Aero N. Am., Inc. — 382 F. Supp. 3d 1170 (2019) · United States District Court for the District of Kansas · 2019 — satisfied · pleaded (42usc2000e-2: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | Adverse employment action affecting compensation, terms, conditions, privileges, or status | satisfied Counted merits instance applied / merits basis: pleaded; claim: (a) Whether a reasonable employee would actually have resigned is expressly left for later in the litigation. | resigned-same-day-as-retaliatory-probation-after-manager's-abuse | In response to being placed on probation, Beck quit her job with Figeac later that day.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f_supp_3d_382.jsonl#/f-supp-3d/382/1170-01; Unicode character offsets [2018:2105] (end exclusive); SHA-256 bf0e94769a9c76f63453f558a56b227b214ef9156a48d4a1c1aac4c3a3426919.Benaoum allegedly displayed physically violent tendencies.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f_supp_3d_382.jsonl#/f-supp-3d/382/1170-01; Unicode character offsets [11779:11837] (end exclusive); SHA-256 bf0e94769a9c76f63453f558a56b227b214ef9156a48d4a1c1aac4c3a3426919.A plaintiff must show that a reasonable person would be compelled to resign due to conditions that were objectively intolerable created by the illegal discriminatory conduct of the employer.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f_supp_3d_382.jsonl#/f-supp-3d/382/1170-01; Unicode character offsets [10932:11122] (end exclusive); SHA-256 bf0e94769a9c76f63453f558a56b227b214ef9156a48d4a1c1aac4c3a3426919.These facts, assumed as true, might make a reasonable employee feel compelled to resign.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f_supp_3d_382.jsonl#/f-supp-3d/382/1170-01; Unicode character offsets [11954:12042] (end exclusive); SHA-256 bf0e94769a9c76f63453f558a56b227b214ef9156a48d4a1c1aac4c3a3426919.Beck has stated a plausible claim for constructive discharge.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f_supp_3d_382.jsonl#/f-supp-3d/382/1170-01; Unicode character offsets [11564:11625] (end exclusive); SHA-256 bf0e94769a9c76f63453f558a56b227b214ef9156a48d4a1c1aac4c3a3426919. |
| Henderson v. Mass. Bay Transp. Auth. — 384 F. Supp. 3d 199 (2019) · United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts · 2019 — satisfied · conceded (42usc2000e-2: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | Adverse employment action affecting compensation, terms, conditions, privileges, or status | satisfied Counted merits instance applied / merits basis: conceded; claim: (a)(1) | internal-applicant-passed-over-for-maintenance-supervisor | Henderson was informed he did not get the job on February 28.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f_supp_3d_384.jsonl#/f-supp-3d/384/0199-01; Unicode character offsets [9096:9157] (end exclusive); SHA-256 f2ca6c3947bf244a4721dd31600d039f6edeee5495b8fbf1162bb88bd7df3405.Higgins, who is white, received the highest scores of all the candidates, with a 94 from Martin and a 93 from Emde.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f_supp_3d_384.jsonl#/f-supp-3d/384/0199-01; Unicode character offsets [8006:8121] (end exclusive); SHA-256 f2ca6c3947bf244a4721dd31600d039f6edeee5495b8fbf1162bb88bd7df3405. |
| Turner v. Barber-Scotia College — 604 F. Supp. 1450 (1985) · United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina · 1985 — satisfied · conceded (42usc2000e-2: author: Fable · historical QA: PASS (QA1, neov2/qa/cases-QA1.md) · changed after review; current content not independently reviewed) | Adverse employment action affecting compensation, terms, conditions, privileges, or status | satisfied Counted merits instance applied / merits basis: conceded; claim: (a) | non-renewal-of-untenured-faculty | 18. Less than one week later, on May 1, 1981, Turner received notice that he would not be rehired.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f_supp_604.jsonl#/f-supp/604/1450-01; Unicode character offsets [7340:7438] (end exclusive); SHA-256 43ff772c2e3fbfe3210fd8995743b1d10c89d6d34fc9ed5d5ad773f37cb94da8.32. On May 1,1981, Goetzman was notified that he would not be rehired.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f_supp_604.jsonl#/f-supp/604/1450-01; Unicode character offsets [12255:12325] (end exclusive); SHA-256 43ff772c2e3fbfe3210fd8995743b1d10c89d6d34fc9ed5d5ad773f37cb94da8. |
| Breech v. Alabama Power Co. — 962 F. Supp. 1447 (1997) · United States District Court for the Southern District of Alabama · 1997 — satisfied · conceded (42usc2000e-2: author: Fable · historical QA: PASS (QA2, neov2/qa/cases-QA2.md) · changed after review; current content not independently reviewed) | Adverse employment action affecting compensation, terms, conditions, privileges, or status | satisfied Counted merits instance applied / merits basis: conceded; claim: (a)(1),(c)(3),(m); 2000e(j); 2000e-3(a) | progressive-discipline-for-absences | Breech received a written warning for his failure to report to work on November 24 and was advised that future failure to report to work would be met with increasingly severe discipline.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f_supp_962.jsonl#/f-supp/962/1447-01; Unicode character offsets [9092:9278] (end exclusive); SHA-256 c9d3cf4a8e3b5373cb13844fbe0d43429324dce0876d20c5fdba3f4d459c1acf.Breech failed to report on June 15th; subsequently, he received a reprimand and a three-day suspension.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f_supp_962.jsonl#/f-supp/962/1447-01; Unicode character offsets [12635:12738] (end exclusive); SHA-256 c9d3cf4a8e3b5373cb13844fbe0d43429324dce0876d20c5fdba3f4d459c1acf.Breech met with Shelby Walker, Ron Campbell, and Wayne Sheffield (Vice President of Local 345) on July 24, 1991 at which time he was notified that his employment with APC was terminated.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f_supp_962.jsonl#/f-supp/962/1447-01; Unicode character offsets [15294:15480] (end exclusive); SHA-256 c9d3cf4a8e3b5373cb13844fbe0d43429324dce0876d20c5fdba3f4d459c1acf. |
| Costa v. Markey — 706 F.2d 1 (1982) · United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit · 1982 — satisfied · conceded (42usc2000e-2: author: Fable · historical QA: PASS (QA1, neov2/qa/cases-QA1.md) · changed after review; current content not independently reviewed) | Adverse employment action affecting compensation, terms, conditions, privileges, or status | satisfied Counted merits instance applied / merits basis: conceded; claim: (a)(2); party: plaintiff applicant for police officer, 5 feet tall, first on the women-only list; count: second rejection, from the women-only list; the only count on appeal; subject: party=plaintiff applicant for police officer, 5 feet tall, first on the women-only list; count=second rejection, from the women-only list; the only count on appeal | failure-to-hire/rejected-under-minimum-height-rule | Although plaintiff’s name appeared first on the list, she was rejected because she did not meet the height requirement.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f2d_706.jsonl#/f2d/706/0001-01; Unicode character offsets [36091:36210] (end exclusive); SHA-256 a04ddf6b77ebbe1be45da604edab3afaa55f3443924aa30b820fa57e210b4ed1. |
| Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Francis W. Parker School — 41 F.3d 1073 (1994) · United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 1994 — not reached (42usc2000e-2: author: Fable · historical QA: FIX (QA2, neov2/qa/cases-QA2.md) · changed after review; current content not independently reviewed) | Adverse employment action affecting compensation, terms, conditions, privileges, or status | not_reached Excluded from merits counts comparator / merits claim: (a)(2) | Unspecified route | No source quotation recorded for this block. |
| Doe v. C.A.R.S Protection Plus, Inc. — 527 F.3d 358 (2008) · United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit · 2008 — satisfied · conceded (42usc2000e-2: author: Fable · not independently reviewed) | Adverse employment action affecting compensation, terms, conditions, privileges, or status | satisfied Counted merits instance applied / merits basis: conceded; claim: (a); 2000e(k) | fired-during-medical-absence | As she was leaving for the funeral, Leona noticed Babich packing up Doe’s personal belongings from her desk.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_527.jsonl#/f3d/527/0358-01; Unicode character offsets [3816:3924] (end exclusive); SHA-256 7403bc10d85e1df0ad37ec6894b9137591d0949906c59e93cb1365fcf01b44bb.Doe called Kohl who told her that she had been discharged.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_527.jsonl#/f3d/527/0358-01; Unicode character offsets [3978:4036] (end exclusive); SHA-256 7403bc10d85e1df0ad37ec6894b9137591d0949906c59e93cb1365fcf01b44bb. |
| Hiatt v. Colorado Seminary — 858 F.3d 1307 (2017) · United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit · 2017 — not · no-evidence (42usc2000e-2: author: Fable · historical QA: PASS (QA2, neov2/qa/cases-QA2.md) · changed after review; current content not independently reviewed) | Adverse employment action affecting compensation, terms, conditions, privileges, or status | not Counted merits instance applied / merits basis: no-evidence; claim: (a)(1); 2000e-3(a); count: resignation (May 2014); theory: constructive discharge; subject: count=resignation (May 2014); theory=constructive discharge | conditions-not-objectively-intolerable | Upon her return, Dr. Palma-teer increased Dr. Hiatt’s weekly clinical hours from 22 to 24 hours.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_858.jsonl#/f3d/858/1307-01; Unicode character offsets [11679:11775] (end exclusive); SHA-256 ea359a0c941889caa6fcc8ffe43892de16d825e7dd18ad2136f26ed9b3f89b2f.She also required Dr. Hiatt to provide a doctor’s note to justify non-Family Medical Leave Act (“FMLA”) sick leave, obtain permission before “blocking her schedule” (i.e., make certain blocks of time in her calendar unavailable for clinical appointments), and make up for missed clinical time.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_858.jsonl#/f3d/858/1307-01; Unicode character offsets [11776:12069] (end exclusive); SHA-256 ea359a0c941889caa6fcc8ffe43892de16d825e7dd18ad2136f26ed9b3f89b2f.On May 30, 2014, Dr. Hiatt submitted a letter of resignation, in which she complained of retaliation for filing her internal EEO and EEOC complaints.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_858.jsonl#/f3d/858/1307-01; Unicode character offsets [13033:13182] (end exclusive); SHA-256 ea359a0c941889caa6fcc8ffe43892de16d825e7dd18ad2136f26ed9b3f89b2f.“To establish constructive discharge, a plaintiff must show that she had no other choice but to quit.”Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_858.jsonl#/f3d/858/1307-01; Unicode character offsets [23022:23124] (end exclusive); SHA-256 ea359a0c941889caa6fcc8ffe43892de16d825e7dd18ad2136f26ed9b3f89b2f.The working conditions she describes—such as being required to work two extra hours per week, turn in timely case notes, and justify non-FMLA sick time—do not amount to an objectively intolerable working environment.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_858.jsonl#/f3d/858/1307-01; Unicode character offsets [23477:23693] (end exclusive); SHA-256 ea359a0c941889caa6fcc8ffe43892de16d825e7dd18ad2136f26ed9b3f89b2f. |
| Hiatt v. Colorado Seminary — 858 F.3d 1307 (2017) · United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit · 2017 — not · no-evidence (42usc2000e-2: author: Fable · historical QA: PASS (QA2, neov2/qa/cases-QA2.md) · changed after review; current content not independently reviewed) | Adverse employment action affecting compensation, terms, conditions, privileges, or status | not Counted merits instance applied / merits basis: no-evidence; claim: (a)(1); 2000e-3(a); count: differential workplace requirements after return from leave (2014); subject: count=differential workplace requirements after return from leave (2014) Plaintiff recast "differential treatment" (normally because-of/pretext evidence) as a free-standing adverse action; the court rejects it for want of comparators either way. | differential-treatment/no-similarly-situated-comparator-identified | She suggests Ross Artwohl and Kimberly Mercer as relevant comparators because, like she did, they reported to Dr. Palmateer.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_858.jsonl#/f3d/858/1307-01; Unicode character offsets [25415:25539] (end exclusive); SHA-256 ea359a0c941889caa6fcc8ffe43892de16d825e7dd18ad2136f26ed9b3f89b2f.Dr. Hiatt also proposes Dr. Fogle and Dr. Mathewson because Dr. Palmateer supervised them and the same professional standards applied to them as to Dr. Hiatt.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_858.jsonl#/f3d/858/1307-01; Unicode character offsets [25673:25831] (end exclusive); SHA-256 ea359a0c941889caa6fcc8ffe43892de16d825e7dd18ad2136f26ed9b3f89b2f.But because Dr. Hiatt supervised these two individuals, they were not in positions comparable to Dr. Hiatt.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_858.jsonl#/f3d/858/1307-01; Unicode character offsets [25832:25939] (end exclusive); SHA-256 ea359a0c941889caa6fcc8ffe43892de16d825e7dd18ad2136f26ed9b3f89b2f.An employee is similarly situated to the plaintiff if the employee shares the same supervisor, is subject to the same standards governing performance evaluation and discipline, and has similar relevant employment circumstances, such as work history.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_858.jsonl#/f3d/858/1307-01; Unicode character offsets [25042:25291] (end exclusive); SHA-256 ea359a0c941889caa6fcc8ffe43892de16d825e7dd18ad2136f26ed9b3f89b2f.Dr. Hiatt has failed to identify any other similarly situated employees who allegedly received differential treatment.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_858.jsonl#/f3d/858/1307-01; Unicode character offsets [25296:25414] (end exclusive); SHA-256 ea359a0c941889caa6fcc8ffe43892de16d825e7dd18ad2136f26ed9b3f89b2f. |
| Hiatt v. Colorado Seminary — 858 F.3d 1307 (2017) · United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit · 2017 — satisfied · law (42usc2000e-2: author: Fable · historical QA: PASS (QA2, neov2/qa/cases-QA2.md) · changed after review; current content not independently reviewed) | Adverse employment action affecting compensation, terms, conditions, privileges, or status | satisfied Counted merits instance applied / merits basis: law; claim: (a)(1); 2000e-3(a); count: demotion (Feb.-Mar. 2013); failure to reinstate supervisory duties (Aug. 2013); subject: count=demotion (Feb.-Mar. 2013); failure to reinstate supervisory duties (Aug. 2013) | demotion/removal-of-supervisory-role-with-small-pay-cut | Dr. Kent presented Dr. Hiatt with three options: (1) resign; (2) be demoted and undergo six months of outside counseling about her supervisory style; or (3) remain in her position and allow Human Resources (“HR”) to handle the matter.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_858.jsonl#/f3d/858/1307-01; Unicode character offsets [5863:6097] (end exclusive); SHA-256 ea359a0c941889caa6fcc8ffe43892de16d825e7dd18ad2136f26ed9b3f89b2f.In her new position as Staff Psychologist/Outreach Coordinator, Dr. Hiatt was paid $58,000— a $2,000 reduction in pay from her previous position.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_858.jsonl#/f3d/858/1307-01; Unicode character offsets [6946:7091] (end exclusive); SHA-256 ea359a0c941889caa6fcc8ffe43892de16d825e7dd18ad2136f26ed9b3f89b2f.For discrimination claims, “[a]n adverse employment action is a significant change in employment status, such as hiring, firing, failing to promote, reassignment with significantly different responsibilities, or a decision causing a significant change in benefits.”Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_858.jsonl#/f3d/858/1307-01; Unicode character offsets [18344:18609] (end exclusive); SHA-256 ea359a0c941889caa6fcc8ffe43892de16d825e7dd18ad2136f26ed9b3f89b2f.A reasonable person in Dr. Hiatt’s position would view her demotion to Outreach Coordinator, coupled with a salary decrease of $2,000, as an adverse employment action.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_858.jsonl#/f3d/858/1307-01; Unicode character offsets [21957:22124] (end exclusive); SHA-256 ea359a0c941889caa6fcc8ffe43892de16d825e7dd18ad2136f26ed9b3f89b2f.For the foregoing reasons, the only actions that qualify as adverse employment actions against Dr. Hiatt were (1) the demotion and (2) the failure to reinstate her supervisory duties.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_858.jsonl#/f3d/858/1307-01; Unicode character offsets [25940:26123] (end exclusive); SHA-256 ea359a0c941889caa6fcc8ffe43892de16d825e7dd18ad2136f26ed9b3f89b2f. |
| Spencer v. VIRGINIA STATE UNIVERSITY — 919 F.3d 199 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit · 2019 — satisfied · conceded (42usc2000e-2: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | Adverse employment action affecting compensation, terms, conditions, privileges, or status | satisfied Counted merits instance applied / merits basis: conceded; claim: (a) | professor-paid-less-than-two-former-administrators | Spencer earned about $ 70,000 per year-a median salary when compared to the men who were also full professors in the Department of Sociology, Social Work, and Criminal Justice.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_919.jsonl#/f3d/919/0199-01; Unicode character offsets [234:410] (end exclusive); SHA-256 74e2ea300edf9e56045848c314f121d888bb4136961d68cc526a9841e8ad680c.But Spencer's lawsuit proposes comparing her pay to that of two former University administrators, Drs. Michael Shackleford and Cortez Dial, who each earned over $ 100,000 per year as professors in other departments.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_919.jsonl#/f3d/919/0199-01; Unicode character offsets [411:626] (end exclusive); SHA-256 74e2ea300edf9e56045848c314f121d888bb4136961d68cc526a9841e8ad680c.Though Spencer establishes a pay disparity, she fails to present evidence that creates a genuine issue of material fact that Shackleford and Dial are appropriate comparators.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_919.jsonl#/f3d/919/0199-01; Unicode character offsets [1035:1209] (end exclusive); SHA-256 74e2ea300edf9e56045848c314f121d888bb4136961d68cc526a9841e8ad680c. |
| Luceus v. Rhode Island — 923 F.3d 255 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit · 2019 — satisfied · assumed (42usc2000e-2: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | Adverse employment action affecting compensation, terms, conditions, privileges, or status | satisfied Counted merits instance applied / merits basis: assumed; claim: (a), (k) | call-center-employee-not-promoted | Assuming without deciding that Luceus has established a prima facie case of disparate treatment, it is nonetheless clear that she " 'has not mustered enough evidence for a reasonable jury to conclude that [the defendants'] stated reason' " for failing to promote her "was pretextual."Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_923.jsonl#/f3d/923/0255-01; Unicode character offsets [7055:7339] (end exclusive); SHA-256 9b47ea07fd6337340e8a119cd67028f3678010fb54040f2f276021b253028d69. |
| Figueroa v. Pompeo — 923 F.3d 1078 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit · 2019 — satisfied · conceded (42usc2000e-2: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | Adverse employment action affecting compensation, terms, conditions, privileges, or status | satisfied Counted merits instance applied / merits basis: conceded; claim: (a), (k) | foreign-service-grade-advancement | Figueroa first became eligible for promotion to the FS-01 pay grade in 2000, and he applied every year until his retirement in 2009.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_923.jsonl#/f3d/923/1078-01; Unicode character offsets [7998:8130] (end exclusive); SHA-256 552900284c7a86a658a4d1c9119fc6b3761a6897adb5c1726273a8c52e4ac943.He made it to the lower end of the ranked finalist lists in 2004 and 2005, but he again was deemed mid-ranked from 2006 to 2009.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_923.jsonl#/f3d/923/1078-01; Unicode character offsets [8224:8352] (end exclusive); SHA-256 552900284c7a86a658a4d1c9119fc6b3761a6897adb5c1726273a8c52e4ac943.Indeed, the government conceded the prima facie case for the purpose of the motion.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_923.jsonl#/f3d/923/1078-01; Unicode character offsets [45797:45880] (end exclusive); SHA-256 552900284c7a86a658a4d1c9119fc6b3761a6897adb5c1726273a8c52e4ac943. |
| Mawakana v. Bd. of Trs. of the Univ. of the Dist. of Columbia — 926 F.3d 859 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit · 2019 — satisfied · conceded (42usc2000e-2: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | Adverse employment action affecting compensation, terms, conditions, privileges, or status | satisfied Counted merits instance applied / merits basis: conceded; claim: (a), (m) | denial-of-tenure-followed-by-termination | On May 1, 2013, Mawakana received notice that he had been denied tenure and that his employment was to terminate effective August 15, 2013.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_926.jsonl#/f3d/926/0859-01; Unicode character offsets [2384:2523] (end exclusive); SHA-256 e41e6ee99ed9737bf3b92347c97331ec6c047d8f8abe3135d002e8a6017d03cf. |
| Mayorga v. Merdon — 928 F.3d 84 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit · 2019 — satisfied · conceded (42usc2000e-2: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | Adverse employment action affecting compensation, terms, conditions, privileges, or status | satisfied Counted merits instance applied / merits basis: conceded; claim: (a) | not-selected-for-electronics-technician-openings | Either job would be a promotion for Mayorga.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_928.jsonl#/f3d/928/0084-01; Unicode character offsets [3124:3168] (end exclusive); SHA-256 73316afd8aed8c6e7189982c076c75d00eba558f236e5a018c04b7d74b87504b.The AOC ultimately chose Ed Williams and John Coulter, two white males it claimed were most qualified, to fill the two positions.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_928.jsonl#/f3d/928/0084-01; Unicode character offsets [6360:6489] (end exclusive); SHA-256 73316afd8aed8c6e7189982c076c75d00eba558f236e5a018c04b7d74b87504b. |
| St. Mary's Honor Center v. Hicks — 509 U.S. 502 (1993) · Supreme Court of the United States · 1993 — satisfied · conceded (42usc2000e-2: author: Fable · historical QA: PASS (QA1, neov2/qa/cases-QA1.md) · changed after review; current content not independently reviewed) | Adverse employment action affecting compensation, terms, conditions, privileges, or status | satisfied Counted merits instance applied / merits basis: conceded; claim: (a)(1); party: plaintiff Melvin Hicks, shift commander (respondent); subject: party=plaintiff Melvin Hicks, shift commander (respondent) | demotion-then-termination-after-escalating-discipline | He was later demoted from shift commander to correctional officer for his failure to ensure that his subordinates entered their use of a St. Mary’s vehicle into the official logbook on March 19, 1984.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/us_509.jsonl#/us/509/0502-01; Unicode character offsets [1514:1714] (end exclusive); SHA-256 f6ba1643673c63e64401ed4ea3db1f6647ecf24cb97fdf31426b87eb7aa43ab3.Finally, on June 7, 1984, he was discharged for threatening Powell during an exchange of heated words on April 19.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/us_509.jsonl#/us/509/0502-01; Unicode character offsets [1715:1829] (end exclusive); SHA-256 f6ba1643673c63e64401ed4ea3db1f6647ecf24cb97fdf31426b87eb7aa43ab3. |
| Harris v. Forklift Systems, Inc. — 510 U.S. 17 (1993) · Supreme Court of the United States · 1993 — not reached (42usc2000e-2: author: Fable · historical QA: PASS (QA2, neov2/qa/cases-QA2.md) · changed after review; current content not independently reviewed) | Adverse employment action affecting compensation, terms, conditions, privileges, or status | not_reached Excluded from merits counts rule-announced / merits claim: (a)(1) Plaintiff quit after the harassment resumed; no constructive-discharge or tangible-action question is discussed. The Court treats the abusive environment itself as the discrimination in "terms, conditions, or privileges". | Unspecified route | No source quotation recorded for this block. |
| Desert Palace, Inc. v. Costa — 539 U.S. 90 (2003) · Supreme Court of the United States · 2003 — satisfied · proved (42usc2000e-2: author: Fable · historical QA: PASS (QA1, neov2/qa/cases-v1-QA1.md) · changed after review; current content not independently reviewed) | Adverse employment action affecting compensation, terms, conditions, privileges, or status | satisfied Excluded from merits counts applied / lower-court basis: proved; claim: (a)(1),(m); party: plaintiff Catharina Costa, warehouse worker (respondent); count: Title VII sex-discrimination claim tried to the jury (discipline and termination); subject: party=plaintiff Catharina Costa, warehouse worker (respondent); count=Title VII sex-discrimination claim tried to the jury (discipline and termination) Not contested in the Supreme Court; jury was instructed it must find she "suffered adverse work conditions" and found for her. | termination-after-escalating-discipline | Respondent experienced a number of problems with management and her co-workers that led to an escalating series of disciplinary sanctions, including informal rebukes, a denial of privileges, and suspension.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/us_539.jsonl#/us/539/0090-01; Unicode character offsets [5337:5543] (end exclusive); SHA-256 9a7e4d9846d799473649658702ae2649d2f44f3694664d7d3e7eb291f31597df.Petitioner finally terminated respondent after she was involved in a physical altercation in a warehouse elevator with fellow Teamsters member Herbert Gerber.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/us_539.jsonl#/us/539/0090-01; Unicode character offsets [5544:5702] (end exclusive); SHA-256 9a7e4d9846d799473649658702ae2649d2f44f3694664d7d3e7eb291f31597df. |
| Ricci v. DeStefano — 557 U.S. 557 (2009) · Supreme Court of the United States · 2009 — satisfied · conceded (42usc2000e-2: author: Fable · QA: PASS (QA1, neov2/qa/cases-v1-QA1.md)) | Adverse employment action affecting compensation, terms, conditions, privileges, or status | satisfied Counted merits instance applied / merits basis: conceded; claim: (a)(1),(k),(l),(h),(j); party: plaintiff 17 white firefighters and 1 Hispanic firefighter who passed the examinations (petitioners); count: (a)(1) disparate-treatment claim for the refusal to certify the examination results; subject: party=plaintiff 17 white firefighters and 1 Hispanic firefighter who passed the examinations (petitioners); count=(a)(1) disparate-treatment claim for the refusal to certify the examination results Loss of promotion eligibility (not a certain promotion) is treated as the adverse action without discussion. | failure-to-promote/promotion-exam-results-discarded | The plaintiffs — who are the petitioners here — are 17 white firefighters and 1 Hispanic firefighter who passed the examinations but were denied a chance at promotions when the CSB refused to certify the test results.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/us_557.jsonl#/us/557/0557-01; Unicode character offsets [25021:25238] (end exclusive); SHA-256 260918fc09a3789f6fc5f393d32a8891037013cb975d044af335bcd3f84ab557.The results would determine which firefighters would be considered for promotions during the next two years, and the order in which they would be considered.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/us_557.jsonl#/us/557/0557-01; Unicode character offsets [752:909] (end exclusive); SHA-256 260918fc09a3789f6fc5f393d32a8891037013cb975d044af335bcd3f84ab557. |
Court interpretations
interpretation
For discrimination claims, “[a]n adverse employment action is a significant change in employment status, such as hiring, firing, failing to promote, reassignment with significantly different responsibilities, or a decision causing a significant change in benefits.”
Hiatt v. Colorado Seminary — 858 F.3d 1307 (2017) · United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit · 2017 (42usc2000e-2: author: Fable · historical QA: PASS (QA2, neov2/qa/cases-QA2.md) · changed after review; current content not independently reviewed)
For discrimination claims, “[a]n adverse employment action is a significant change in employment status, such as hiring, firing, failing to promote, reassignment with significantly different responsibilities, or a decision causing a significant change in benefits.”Source:
docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_858.jsonl#/f3d/858/1307-01; Unicode character offsets [18344:18609] (end exclusive); SHA-256 ea359a0c941889caa6fcc8ffe43892de16d825e7dd18ad2136f26ed9b3f89b2f.Actionable harm to employment status or terms, conditions, or privileges of employment under § 2000e-2(a)(1)-(2).
interpretation
“To establish constructive discharge, a plaintiff must show that she had no other choice but to quit.”
Hiatt v. Colorado Seminary — 858 F.3d 1307 (2017) · United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit · 2017 (42usc2000e-2: author: Fable · historical QA: PASS (QA2, neov2/qa/cases-QA2.md) · changed after review; current content not independently reviewed)
“To establish constructive discharge, a plaintiff must show that she had no other choice but to quit.”Source:
docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_858.jsonl#/f3d/858/1307-01; Unicode character offsets [23022:23124] (end exclusive); SHA-256 ea359a0c941889caa6fcc8ffe43892de16d825e7dd18ad2136f26ed9b3f89b2f.Actionable harm to employment status or terms, conditions, or privileges of employment under § 2000e-2(a)(1)-(2).
interpretation
An employee suffers an adverse employment action if he experiences “materially adverse consequences affecting the terms, conditions, or privileges, of employment or future employment opportunities such that a reasonable trier of fact could find objectively tangible harm.”
Ginger v. District of Columbia — 477 F. Supp. 2d 41 (2007) · United States District Court for the District of Columbia · 2007 (42usc2000e-2: author: Fable · not independently reviewed)
An employee suffers an adverse employment action if he experiences “materially adverse consequences affecting the terms, conditions, or privileges, of employment or future employment opportunities such that a reasonable trier of fact could find objectively tangible harm.”Source:
docroot/ir/caselaw/f_supp_2d_477.jsonl#/f-supp-2d/477/0041-01; Unicode character offsets [10619:10891] (end exclusive); SHA-256 98f9fdfbd29e7eaa93261d6440fe0ed8e4821a6a9a6334e41f0be98ebbbe49e1.Actionable harm to employment status or terms, conditions, or privileges of employment under § 2000e-2(a)(1)-(2).