B · Element × raw variant-label matrix
Each cell counts only merits instance blocks and distinct cases for that element and variant. 0 is a recorded variant with no counted instance; — means not recorded for this element. Cases may occur in multiple cells. Shading groups counts as 0, 1, 2, or 3+ and carries no quality or confidence meaning. Raw labels are not a curated route taxonomy.
Scroll horizontally across the table to compare all variants.
| Element | actual-possession/momentary-inspection-rejected | actual/admitted-ownership-of-drugs-hidden-in-own-car | actual/drugs-concealed-on-person | actual/momentary-handling-during-inspection-before-assent | actual/physically-loaded-boxes-of-drugs | admitted/defendant-admits-knowing-possession | as-applied/sentencing-term-not-vague | but-for-causation/contributing-cause-in-mixed-drug-overdose | categorical-match/state-possession-with-intent-offense | circumstantial/loader-of-sealed-boxes-coordinated-with-delivery | circumstantial/owner-of-stash-premises-who-loaded-and-drove | conspiracy-846/acts-furthering-delivery-as-proof-of-knowing-participation | conspiracy-846/tacit-agreement-inferred-from-joint-transport | constructive/dominion-over-premises-or-vehicle-holding-drugs | constructive/driver-with-dominion-over-vehicle-holding-drugs | constructive/no-recognized-authority-over-sellers-drugs | constructive/package-in-transit-with-common-carrier | continuing-offense/drugs-shipped-by-courier-into-forum-district | delivery/shipment-by-commercial-courier-intercepted-before-addressee | delivery/staged-wholesale-delivery-to-undercover-agent | felony-vs-misdemeanor-tier/state-conviction-does-not-negate-b4-social-sharing | identity/counterfeit-pills-containing-fentanyl | identity/lab-test-plus-defendant-admission | inferred/quantity-inconsistent-with-personal-use-plus-supplier-testimony | inferred/quantity-purity-scale-and-unaffordable-claimed-habit | inferred/quantity-value-scales-and-prior-sale | lower-tier-supported/sentence-within-proved-quantity-maximum | mixture-or-substance/carrier-medium-weight-included | mixture-or-substance/usable-plant-parts-with-detectable-drug-included | no-grievous-ambiguity/plain-text-and-structure | rational-basis/street-weight-penalty-scheme | sale/controlled-buy-by-informant | sale/hand-to-hand-sale-to-user | schedule-i/marijuana | state-predicate-matches-federal-offence/attempted-transfer-is-completed-delivery | state-predicate-matches-federal-offence/no-implied-offer-to-sell | state-predicate-matches-federal-offence/overbreadth-only-theoretical-no-realistic-probability | threshold-found-by-jury/special-interrogatory | threshold-not-found-by-jury/lab-weight-below-charged-tier | Unspecified variant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prohibited act under § 841(a)(1): manufacture, distribute, or dispense OR | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | 0 merits blocks 0 cases Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 0 |
| Dispensing by a practitioner outside the usual course of professional practice (Ruan v. United States) OR | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | 0 merits blocks 0 cases Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 1 |
| Distribution (delivery / actual, constructive, or attempted transfer of a controlled substance) OR | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | 0 merits blocks 0 cases Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 1 | 1 merits blocks 1 cases Satisfied 1; not satisfied 0; excluded context 0 | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | 1 merits blocks 1 cases Satisfied 1; not satisfied 0; excluded context 1 | 1 merits blocks 1 cases Satisfied 1; not satisfied 0; excluded context 0 | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | 0 merits blocks 0 cases Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 2 |
| Manufacture (production, preparation, propagation, compounding, or processing of a controlled substance) OR | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | 0 merits blocks 0 cases Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 0 |
| Cross-statute route alias: see separate aiding-abetting (§ 2) and x-conspiracy-846 (§ 846) routes OR | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | 0 merits blocks 0 cases Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 1 | 0 merits blocks 0 cases Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 1 | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | 0 merits blocks 0 cases Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 2 |
| Aiding and abetting route under 18 U.S.C. § 2 (cross-statute) OR | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | 0 merits blocks 0 cases Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 0 |
| Death or serious bodily injury results from the use of such substance (§ 841(b)(1)(A)-(C) 20-year mandatory minimum) OR | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | 1 merits blocks 1 cases Satisfied 0; not satisfied 1; excluded context 0 | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | 0 merits blocks 0 cases Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 0 |
| Specific intent to manufacture, distribute, or dispense the possessed controlled substance AND | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | 0 merits blocks 0 cases Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 1 | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | 0 merits blocks 0 cases Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 1 | 1 merits blocks 1 cases Satisfied 1; not satisfied 0; excluded context 0 | 1 merits blocks 1 cases Satisfied 1; not satisfied 0; excluded context 0 | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | 0 merits blocks 0 cases Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 5 |
| Mens rea: "knowingly or intentionally" (including knowledge that the substance is a controlled substance) AND | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | 1 merits blocks 1 cases Satisfied 1; not satisfied 0; excluded context 0 | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | 1 merits blocks 1 cases Satisfied 1; not satisfied 0; excluded context 0 | 1 merits blocks 1 cases Satisfied 1; not satisfied 0; excluded context 0 | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | 0 merits blocks 0 cases Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 10 |
| Possession (actual, constructive, sole, or joint dominion and control) AND | 0 merits blocks 0 cases Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 0 | 1 merits blocks 1 cases Satisfied 1; not satisfied 0; excluded context 0 | 1 merits blocks 1 cases Satisfied 1; not satisfied 0; excluded context 0 | 1 merits blocks 1 cases Satisfied 0; not satisfied 1; excluded context 0 | 1 merits blocks 1 cases Satisfied 1; not satisfied 0; excluded context 0 | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | 1 merits blocks 1 cases Satisfied 1; not satisfied 0; excluded context 0 | 1 merits blocks 1 cases Satisfied 1; not satisfied 0; excluded context 0 | 1 merits blocks 1 cases Satisfied 0; not satisfied 1; excluded context 0 | 0 merits blocks 0 cases Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 1 | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | 0 merits blocks 0 cases Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 4 |
| Recidivist enhancement for prior conviction for a serious drug felony or serious violent felony (§ 841(b)(1), 21 U.S.C. § 851) OR | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | 0 merits blocks 0 cases Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 1 |
| Partial penalty-tier drug type and quantity table (selected § 841(b)(1)(A)-(D) hook) OR | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | 1 merits blocks 1 cases Satisfied 1; not satisfied 0; excluded context 0 | 1 merits blocks 1 cases Satisfied 1; not satisfied 0; excluded context 0 | 0 merits blocks 0 cases Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 1 | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | 1 merits blocks 1 cases Satisfied 1; not satisfied 0; excluded context 1 | 1 merits blocks 1 cases Satisfied 0; not satisfied 1; excluded context 0 | 0 merits blocks 0 cases Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 4 |
| Misdemeanor treatment for distributing a small amount of marijuana for no remuneration (§ 841(b)(4)) EXCEPTION | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | 0 merits blocks 0 cases Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 1 | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | 0 merits blocks 0 cases Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 0 |
| Controlled substance (21 U.S.C. §§ 802(6), 812 Schedules I-V) or counterfeit substance (§ 841(a)(2)) AND | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | 0 merits blocks 0 cases Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 1 | 1 merits blocks 1 cases Satisfied 1; not satisfied 0; excluded context 0 | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | 0 merits blocks 0 cases Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 1 | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | 0 merits blocks 0 cases Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 7 |
| Authorization exception ("Except as authorized by this subchapter") for registered practitioners/handlers EXCEPTION | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | 0 merits blocks 0 cases Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 0 |
| Categorical / modified categorical comparison of state drug offense to 21 U.S.C. § 841 (INA / ACCA / Guidelines) OR | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | 0 merits blocks 0 cases Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 1 | 0 merits blocks 0 cases Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 1 | 0 merits blocks 0 cases Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 1 | — Not declared | — Not declared | 0 merits blocks 0 cases Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 0 |
| Drug conspiracy route under 21 U.S.C. § 846 (cross-statute) OR | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | 0 merits blocks 0 cases Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 0 |
| Fifth Amendment Due Process / Equal Protection challenge to carrier-medium weight sentencing (Chapman) DEFENSE | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | 0 merits blocks 0 cases Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 1 | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | 0 merits blocks 0 cases Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 0 |
| Affirmative defense of entrapment (government inducement + lack of predisposition) DEFENSE | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | 0 merits blocks 0 cases Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 1 |
| Rule of lenity in construing ambiguous penalty provisions of § 841(b) DEFENSE | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | 0 merits blocks 0 cases Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 1 | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | 0 merits blocks 0 cases Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 0 |
| Fifth Amendment void-for-vagueness challenge to "mixture or substance" or analogue provisions DEFENSE | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | 0 merits blocks 0 cases Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 1 | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | 0 merits blocks 0 cases Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 0 |
| Continuing-offense venue for § 841(a)(1) possession with intent to distribute / distribution (18 U.S.C. § 3237(a)) AND | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | 0 merits blocks 0 cases Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 1 | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | — Not declared | 0 merits blocks 0 cases Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 0 |