A · Element outline
Labels preserve the recorded AND / OR / EXCEPTION / DEFENSE structure.
- AND Possession in or affecting commerce
1 merits instance blocks; 1 distinct cases
Recorded DB variant labels, including zero-count variants Variant Description Merits instance blocks Distinct cases Example cases (up to 3 per group) affecting-commerce/unrecovered-firearm-no-proof-of-out-of-state-manufacture 0
Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 10 No counted merits examples Excluded context examples: /f3d/697/0592-01 — United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 2012 — comparator/merits
categorical-match/state-offense-lacks-jurisdictional-element 0
Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 10 No counted merits examples Excluded context examples: /f3d/592/0681-01 — United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit · 2009 — comparator/merits
prior-interstate-movement/crossed-state-line-before-possession 0
Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 10 No counted merits examples Excluded context examples: /f3d/481/0882-01 — United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit · 2007 — rule-announced/merits
prior-interstate-travel/uncontested-on-appeal 1
Satisfied 1; not satisfied 0; excluded context 01 /f3d/57/0516-01 — United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 1995 — satisfied Unspecified variant No variant assigned in the database. 0
Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 30 No counted merits examples Excluded context examples: /f3d/41/0025-01 — United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit · 1994 — applied/merits; /f3d/422/0207-01 — United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit · 2005 — applied/merits; /f4th/142/308 — Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit · 2025 — applied/procedural
- AND Received object previously shipped or transported across borders
0 merits instance blocks; 0 distinct cases
Recorded DB variant labels, including zero-count variants Variant Description Merits instance blocks Distinct cases Example cases (up to 3 per group) Unspecified variant No variant assigned in the database. 0
Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 10 No counted merits examples Excluded context examples: /f2d/899/0543-01 — United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit · 1990 — applied/merits
- EXCEPTION Section 925(a)(1) government-use firearm or ammunition exception
This is an object-and-conduct-specific statutory exception, not blanket immunity for government employees or privately owned service weapons. Each claim keeps an independent status.g9 route even when government-use is present; the exception cannot override section 922(p). No section 925 offset is invented: the text line is the section 922(g) hook, and the official companion section supplies the exception via xref.
0 merits instance blocks; 0 distinct cases
No variants recorded in this snapshot.
- DEFENSE Second Amendment limit on the unlawful-user theory applied to Hemani
Hemani (June 18, 2026), majority pp. 18-19, rejects automatically disarming this regular marijuana user based solely on that status under the government's historical-analogy theory. It reserves addicts, present intoxication, individualized dangerousness proof, particular dangerous drugs, and section 922(g)(1). This is an as-applied constitutional limitation, not textual deletion of status.g3 or a universal dangerousness element. It does not defeat liability independently established under a different prohibited status.
0 merits instance blocks; 0 distinct cases
No variants recorded in this snapshot.
- AND Knowing shipping, transportation or receipt
0 merits instance blocks; 0 distinct cases
Recorded DB variant labels, including zero-count variants Variant Description Merits instance blocks Distinct cases Example cases (up to 3 per group) Unspecified variant No variant assigned in the database. 0
Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 10 No counted merits examples Excluded context examples: /f2d/899/0543-01 — United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit · 1990 — applied/merits
- AND Knowledge of possessing the firearm or ammunition
0 merits instance blocks; 0 distinct cases
Recorded DB variant labels, including zero-count variants Variant Description Merits instance blocks Distinct cases Example cases (up to 3 per group) Unspecified variant No variant assigned in the database. 0
Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 10 No counted merits examples Excluded context examples: /f3d/57/0516-01 — United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 1995 — applied/merits
- AND Knowledge of the relevant disqualifying status
Rehaif expressly reserved the precise proof needed for statuses other than the one before it; do not infer that awareness of every legal consequence or the federal firearms ban is required. Status knowledge must coincide with the relevant conduct.
0 merits instance blocks; 0 distinct cases
Recorded DB variant labels, including zero-count variants Variant Description Merits instance blocks Distinct cases Example cases (up to 3 per group) Unspecified variant No variant assigned in the database. 0
Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 10 No counted merits examples Excluded context examples: /f3d/41/0025-01 — United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit · 1994 — applied/merits
- AND Firearm or ammunition under section 921
0 merits instance blocks; 0 distinct cases
No variants recorded in this snapshot.
- OR Actual or constructive possession
2 merits instance blocks; 2 distinct cases
Recorded DB variant labels, including zero-count variants Variant Description Merits instance blocks Distinct cases Example cases (up to 3 per group) actual/control Physical control of the object. 0
Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 20 No counted merits examples Excluded context examples: /f-supp-2d/28/0805-01 — United States District Court for the Western District of New York · 1998 — comparator/procedural; /f4th/142/308 — Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit · 2025 — applied/lower-court
actual/inferred-handling-as-inside-man-in-gun-store-burglary 0
Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 10 No counted merits examples Excluded context examples: /f3d/422/0207-01 — United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit · 2005 — applied/dissent
categorical-match/state-felon-in-possession-offense 0
Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 10 No counted merits examples Excluded context examples: /f3d/592/0681-01 — United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit · 2009 — comparator/merits
constructive/admitted-ownership-of-gun-in-another-room-and-matching-bullet-on-person 1
Satisfied 1; not satisfied 0; excluded context 01 /f3d/41/0025-01 — United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit · 1994 — satisfied constructive/contraband-in-residence-defendant-has-key-to 0
Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 10 No counted merits examples Excluded context examples: /f3d/683/1314-01 — United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit · 2012 — rule-announced/procedural
constructive/control Knowing control without physical custody; Gilliam found no continued dominion after leaving the gun in another person's exclusive possession. Apply the circuit's power-and-intent requirements; proximity alone does not supply knowing control. 0
Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 30 No counted merits examples Excluded context examples: /f3d/41/0025-01 — United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit · 1994 — rule-announced/procedural; /f3d/481/0882-01 — United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit · 2007 — applied/dissent, applied/procedural
constructive/firearm-in-bedroom-of-shared-residence 1
Satisfied 1; not satisfied 0; excluded context 01 /f3d/57/0516-01 — United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 1995 — satisfied constructive/presence-at-scene-of-gun-store-burglary 0
Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 10 No counted merits examples Excluded context examples: /f3d/422/0207-01 — United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit · 2005 — applied/superseded
Unspecified variant No variant assigned in the database. 0
Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 50 No counted merits examples Excluded context examples: /f-supp-3d/162/1106-01 — United States District Court for the District of Oregon · 2016 — background/merits; /f3d/32/0867-01 — United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit · 1994 — applied/merits; /us/519/0172-01 — Supreme Court of the United States · 1997 — rule-announced/merits
- AND Receipt of the prohibited object
0 merits instance blocks; 0 distinct cases
Recorded DB variant labels, including zero-count variants Variant Description Merits instance blocks Distinct cases Example cases (up to 3 per group) Unspecified variant No variant assigned in the database. 0
Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 10 No counted merits examples Excluded context examples: /f2d/899/0543-01 — United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit · 1990 — applied/merits
- AND Ship or transport in interstate or foreign commerce
0 merits instance blocks; 0 distinct cases
No variants recorded in this snapshot.
- OR One applicable prohibited category
Children status.g1 through status.g9 are alternative categories. Section 921 definitions and exclusions qualify the conviction categories; status.g5visa incorporates the statutory visa exemption. A categorical status list is not the categorical crime-of-violence method used in section 924(c). Constitutional challenges remain separate from proof of these statutory elements.
0 merits instance blocks; 0 distinct cases
No variants recorded in this snapshot.
- AND Conviction punishable by more than one year
McAdory applies the Ninth Circuit rule to Washington mandatory sentencing ranges; the actual sentence served alone is not the test, nor is the state felony label conclusive. Small, 544 U.S. 385, 387 (2005), judicially construes convicted in any court in section 922(g)(1) to exclude foreign convictions; this is not a textual exclusion enacted in section 921(a)(20).
5 merits instance blocks; 5 distinct cases
Recorded DB variant labels, including zero-count variants Variant Description Merits instance blocks Distinct cases Example cases (up to 3 per group) categorical-match/state-felon-in-possession-offense 0
Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 10 No counted merits examples Excluded context examples: /f3d/592/0681-01 — United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit · 2009 — comparator/merits
categorical-nature/felon-in-possession-as-bail-act-crime-of-violence 0
Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 10 No counted merits examples Excluded context examples: /f-supp-2d/28/0805-01 — United States District Court for the Western District of New York · 1998 — comparator/merits
civil-rights-restoration/certificate-silent-on-firearms 0
Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 10 No counted merits examples Excluded context examples: /f2d/899/0543-01 — United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit · 1990 — applied/superseded
civil-rights-restoration/state-statute-firearms-bar-outside-restoration-certificate 1
Satisfied 1; not satisfied 0; excluded context 01 /f2d/899/0543-01 — United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit · 1990 — satisfied convicted-in-any-court/foreign-court-conviction 1
Satisfied 0; not satisfied 1; excluded context 11 /us/544/0385-01 — Supreme Court of the United States · 2005 — not Excluded context examples: /us/544/0385-01 — Supreme Court of the United States · 2005 — applied/dissent
prior-felony/certified-record-of-conviction 1
Satisfied 1; not satisfied 0; excluded context 01 /f3d/422/0207-01 — United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit · 2005 — satisfied prior-felony/multiple-burglary-convictions-admitted 1
Satisfied 1; not satisfied 0; excluded context 01 /f3d/41/0025-01 — United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit · 1994 — satisfied prior-felony/principal-in-aiding-and-abetting-theory 0
Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 10 No counted merits examples Excluded context examples: /f3d/422/0207-01 — United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit · 2005 — background/procedural
prior-felony/state-and-federal-drug-trafficking-convictions 0
Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 10 No counted merits examples Excluded context examples: /f4th/142/308 — Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit · 2025 — applied/lower-court
prior-felony/uncontested-on-appeal 1
Satisfied 1; not satisfied 0; excluded context 01 /f3d/57/0516-01 — United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 1995 — satisfied proof-of-prior-conviction/certified-records-with-offense-details-no-stipulation 0
Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 10 No counted merits examples Excluded context examples: /f3d/32/0867-01 — United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit · 1994 — applied/procedural
proof-of-prior-conviction/defendant-offers-to-stipulate-felon-status 0
Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 10 No counted merits examples Excluded context examples: /us/519/0172-01 — Supreme Court of the United States · 1997 — rule-announced/procedural
punishable-term/statutory-maximum-not-state-guidelines-range 0
Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 10 No counted merits examples Excluded context examples: /f-supp-3d/162/1106-01 — United States District Court for the District of Oregon · 2016 — comparator/merits
Unspecified variant No variant assigned in the database. 0
Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 10 No counted merits examples Excluded context examples: /f3d/481/0882-01 — United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit · 2007 — applied/merits
- AND Fugitive from justice
0 merits instance blocks; 0 distinct cases
No variants recorded in this snapshot.
- OR Unlawful controlled-substance user or addict
0 merits instance blocks; 0 distinct cases
No variants recorded in this snapshot.
- AND Addiction alternative
0 merits instance blocks; 0 distinct cases
No variants recorded in this snapshot.
- AND Current unlawful use with the applicable temporal nexus
Purdy, 264 F.3d 809, 812-13 (9th Cir. 2001), supplies a Ninth Circuit statutory construction in an as-applied vagueness decision. Apply the governing circuit's formulation and proof beyond reasonable doubt; this is not a nationwide fixed lookback period. It defines the user branch, not the alternative addiction branch. Hemani's Second Amendment question remains separate.
0 merits instance blocks; 0 distinct cases
No variants recorded in this snapshot.
- AND Addiction alternative
- OR Qualifying mental adjudication or commitment
0 merits instance blocks; 0 distinct cases
No variants recorded in this snapshot.
- AND Qualifying determination by lawful authority
Regulatory definition of section 922(g)(4), not text from section 921(a)(4), which defines destructive device. A diagnosis alone does not establish the required adjudication. Apply any valid statutory relief or record-disregard provision before treating the disability as operative.
0 merits instance blocks; 0 distinct cases
No variants recorded in this snapshot.
- AND Formal commitment by lawful authority
The regulation supplies an administrative definition; applicable judicial interpretation and statutory relief still govern. The institution must qualify under the regulation's mental-institution definition, not merely be a treatment location.
0 merits instance blocks; 0 distinct cases
No variants recorded in this snapshot.
- AND Qualifying determination by lawful authority
- AND Alien illegally or unlawfully present
Applies to a person who is an alien; subparagraphs (A) and (B) are alternative grounds. The visa exemption affects (B), not independent disqualifying statuses.
0 merits instance blocks; 0 distinct cases
No variants recorded in this snapshot.
- AND Nonimmigrant-visa admission subject to section 922(y)(2)
Applies to a person who is an alien; subparagraphs (A) and (B) are alternative grounds. The visa exemption affects (B), not independent disqualifying statuses.
0 merits instance blocks; 0 distinct cases
No variants recorded in this snapshot.
- AND Dishonorable military discharge
0 merits instance blocks; 0 distinct cases
No variants recorded in this snapshot.
- AND Renounced United States citizenship
0 merits instance blocks; 0 distinct cases
No variants recorded in this snapshot.
- AND Qualifying domestic-protection order
Requires all of (A), (B), and either (C)(i) or (C)(ii); the bare existence of any restraining order is insufficient. Rahimi (2024) permits temporary disarmament when a court has found a credible physical-safety threat; see NOTES for current-law boundary.
0 merits instance blocks; 0 distinct cases
No variants recorded in this snapshot.
- AND Actual notice and opportunity to participate
0 merits instance blocks; 0 distinct cases
No variants recorded in this snapshot.
- AND Protected domestic person and prohibited conduct
0 merits instance blocks; 0 distinct cases
No variants recorded in this snapshot.
- OR Threat finding or explicit force prohibition
0 merits instance blocks; 0 distinct cases
No variants recorded in this snapshot.
- AND Actual notice and opportunity to participate
- AND Misdemeanor crime of domestic violence
1 merits instance blocks; 1 distinct cases
Recorded DB variant labels, including zero-count variants Variant Description Merits instance blocks Distinct cases Example cases (up to 3 per group) force-element/causing-bodily-injury-entails-use-of-force 0
Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 10 No counted merits examples Excluded context examples: /f-supp-3d/162/1106-01 — United States District Court for the District of Oregon · 2016 — comparator/merits
predicate-offense-definition/generic-battery-conviction-with-domestic-victim-in-fact 1
Satisfied 1; not satisfied 0; excluded context 01 /us/555/0415-01 — Supreme Court of the United States · 2009 — satisfied
- AND Conviction punishable by more than one year
Claim structure
Expression key: & = AND; | = OR; ! = exclusion / negation. Parentheses preserve grouping.
18usc922:922(g)-possession
(status.g9 | (status & !government-use)) & possession & object & commerce-possession & knowledge-possession & knowledge-status & !hemani-as-appliedSection 922(g) possession requires an actual statutory disqualification at the time of knowing possession, knowledge of the relevant status, a firearm or ammunition, and the commerce nexus. Each status category is an alternative, not a cumulative checklist. Rehaif supplies the knowledge rule through the companion penalty provision; knowledge that federal law prohibits possession is a different question.
18usc922:922(g)-shipment
(status.g9 | (status & !government-use)) & shipment & object & knowledge-conduct & knowledge-statusStatutory-element formula only; separately assess any applicable constitutional defense (Hemani decided possession). Separate shipping/transporting branch: conduct itself must occur in interstate or foreign commerce. Rehaif concerned possession; its conduct/status principle informs this branch, but the six local opinions principally develop possession.
18usc922:922(g)-receipt
(status.g9 | (status & !government-use)) & receipt & object & commerce-receipt & knowledge-conduct & knowledge-statusStatutory-element formula only; separately assess any applicable constitutional defense (Hemani decided possession). Separate receipt branch requires prior interstate or foreign movement of the object; it must not replace the possession branch commerce wording.
Constraints
No constraints recorded.