Supreme Court of the United States · 2025-03-21
18usc924: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)
Case and law context
Role: applied; posture: certiorari to the Second Circuit after jury conviction; pretrial motion to dismiss the § 924(c) count for want of a valid predicate denied; Second Circuit affirmed; affirmed (7-2); result: claimant-won; claim: (c)(3)(A)
Uncertainty
None recorded
Misfit
None recorded
B · Case × element grid
Top-level elements follow claim order in panels of up to six elements. Case rows repeat across panels. Every recorded block retains its holding and basis; multiple blocks are not merged into a case-level verdict. ✓ satisfied · ✗ not satisfied · ○ not reached · · not addressed. Muted blocks are not counted. Sub-element evidence remains on case and element pages.
Elements 1–6 of 13
| Case | Qualifying federal predicate offense | Firearm object | Active employment of a firearm | Knowingly possess and convey the firearm | During and in relation to the predicate | Knowing actual or constructive possession |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delligatti v. United States — 604 U.S. 423 (2025) · Supreme Court of the United States · 2025 (18usc924: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
Elements 7–12 of 13
| Case | Possession advances the specific predicate | Armor-piercing ammunition object | Use or carry the armor-piercing ammunition | Possess the armor-piercing ammunition | Section 2 aiding and abetting route | Greater minimum for the same firearm conduct displaces the lower minimum |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delligatti v. United States — 604 U.S. 423 (2025) · Supreme Court of the United States · 2025 (18usc924: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
Elements 13–13 of 13
| Case | Sentencing consequences after offense proof |
|---|---|
| Delligatti v. United States — 604 U.S. 423 (2025) · Supreme Court of the United States · 2025 (18usc924: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed |
Instances and excluded annotation blocks
| Case | Element | Holding and scope | Pattern | Exact source quotations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delligatti v. United States — 604 U.S. 423 (2025) · Supreme Court of the United States · 2025 — satisfied · law (18usc924: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | Felony with the required force element | satisfied Counted merits instance applied / merits basis: law; claim: (c)(3)(A); party: Salvatore Delligatti; count: 18 U.S.C. § 924(c), using or carrying a firearm during and in relation to a crime of violence (predicate: VICAR attempted murder, 18 U.S.C. § 1959(a)(5), resting on New York second-degree murder); subject: party=Salvatore Delligatti; count=18 U.S.C. § 924(c), using or carrying a firearm during and in relation to a crime of violence (predicate: VICAR attempted murder, 18 U.S.C. § 1959(a)(5), resting on New York second-degree murder) Castleman's principle (knowing or intentional causation of bodily injury necessarily involves the use of physical force) extends to § 924(c)(3)(A) and has no exception for harm caused by omission; New York second-degree murder, and the VICAR offense premised on it, therefore qualifies. The murder-for-hire plot is [neutral]: under the categorical approach the court does not examine actual conduct. Two points are assumed, not decided: that the attempt qualifies if the completed offense does (undisputed before the Court, fn. 2), and that "physical force" in § 924(c) means Johnson violent force (fn. 3). The Court also expresses no view on whether a VICAR offense can qualify independently of its state predicate (fn. 1). | intentional murder that state law allows to be committed by omission of a legal duty | If the offense can be committed without the use, at- tempted use, or threatened use of force, it is not a crime of violence under the elements clause.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/clus_604.jsonl#/us/604/423; Unicode character offsets [9683:9833] (end exclusive); SHA-256 ce075d84ebc48a2f0e1db83c84e8b1293c79422fd00858fbb16f45620d9ad8ca.There is no excep- tion to this principle when an offender causes bodily injury by omission rather than affrmative act.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/clus_604.jsonl#/us/604/423; Unicode character offsets [14738:14857] (end exclusive); SHA-256 ce075d84ebc48a2f0e1db83c84e8b1293c79422fd00858fbb16f45620d9ad8ca.Thus, second-degree murder in New York—and, by extension, Delligatti's VICAR offense premised on it—is a crime of violence under § 924(c)'s elements clause.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/clus_604.jsonl#/us/604/423; Unicode character offsets [23758:23914] (end exclusive); SHA-256 ce075d84ebc48a2f0e1db83c84e8b1293c79422fd00858fbb16f45620d9ad8ca.The knowing or intentional causation of injury or death, whether by act or omission, necessarily involves the use of physical force against another person.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/clus_604.jsonl#/us/604/423; Unicode character offsets [36143:36298] (end exclusive); SHA-256 ce075d84ebc48a2f0e1db83c84e8b1293c79422fd00858fbb16f45620d9ad8ca. |
Court interpretations recorded from this case
interpretation
If the offense can be committed without the use, at- tempted use, or threatened use of force, it is not a crime of violence under the elements clause.
Delligatti v. United States — 604 U.S. 423 (2025) · Supreme Court of the United States · 2025 (18usc924: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))
If the offense can be committed without the use, at- tempted use, or threatened use of force, it is not a crime of violence under the elements clause.Source:
docroot/ir/caselaw/clus_604.jsonl#/us/604/423; Unicode character offsets [9683:9833] (end exclusive); SHA-256 ce075d84ebc48a2f0e1db83c84e8b1293c79422fd00858fbb16f45620d9ad8ca.Delligatti, 604 U.S. 423 (2025), reaffirms the categorical method and holds that deliberate injury or death can involve force even by omission of a legal duty. Taylor does not exclude every attempt offense; compare attempted murder. Davis invalidates (c)(3)(B). Taylor, 596 U.S. 845 (2022), requires the categorical elements inquiry and holds attempted Hobbs Act robbery does not qualify; actual violent facts cannot repair a missing statutory force element. These rulings do not erase the separate drug-trafficking alternative. Official opinions and local-IR availability are recorded in NOTES.