18 U.S.C. § 1341 · B case grid

B · Case × element grid

Top-level elements follow claim order in panels of up to six elements. Case rows repeat across panels. Every recorded block retains its holding and basis; multiple blocks are not merged into a case-level verdict. ✓ satisfied · ✗ not satisfied · ○ not reached · · not addressed. Muted blocks are not counted. Sub-element evidence remains on case and element pages.

Elements 1–6 of 7

18 U.S.C. § 1341
CaseScheme or artifice to defraudTraditional money or property as an objectMaterial deceptionKnowing participation with intent to defraudStatutory mailing or carrier actMailing for execution of the scheme
Southern Snow Manufacturing Co. v. SnoWizard Holdings, Inc. — 912 F. Supp. 2d 404 (2012) · United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana · 2012 (18usc1341: author: Fable · not independently reviewed)
✗ not · pleadedNot counted: background/merits
✗ not · pleadedNot counted: background/merits
✗ not · pleadedNot counted: background/merits
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: background/merits
✗ not · pleadedNot counted: background/merits
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: background/merits
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: background/merits
United States v. Granberry — 725 F. Supp. 446 (1989) · United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri · 1989 (18usc1341: author: Fable · not independently reviewed)
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: applied/merits
✗ not · pleaded
✗ not · pleaded
✗ not · pleaded
✗ not · pleaded
✗ not · pleaded
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: applied/merits
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: applied/merits
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: applied/merits
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: applied/merits
Lustiger v. United States — 386 F.2d 132 (1967) · United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit · 1967 (18usc1341: author: Fable · not independently reviewed)
✓ satisfied · proved
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: applied/merits
✓ satisfied · proved
✓ satisfied · proved
✓ satisfied · proved
✓ satisfied · conceded
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: applied/merits
United States v. Galloway — 664 F.2d 161 (1981) · United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 1981 (18usc1341: author: Fable · not independently reviewed)
✓ satisfied · proved
· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
✓ satisfied · conceded
✗ not · no-evidenceNot counted: applied/superseded
✓ satisfied · proved
✗ not · no-evidenceNot counted: applied/dissent
✓ satisfied · proved
United States v. Chung Lo — 231 F.3d 471 (2000) · United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit · 2000 (18usc1341: author: Fable · not independently reviewed)
✓ satisfied · conceded
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: applied/merits
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: applied/merits
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: applied/merits
✗ not · no-evidence
✓ satisfied · conceded
✓ satisfied · proved
✗ not · no-evidence
✗ not · no-evidence
✓ satisfied · proved
United States v. Henry — 29 F.3d 112 (1994) · United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit · 1994 (18usc1341: author: Fable · historical QA: FIX (QA2, neov2/qa/wave2-cases-QA2.md) · changed after review; current content not independently reviewed)
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: background/merits
✓ satisfied · pleadedNot counted: background/dissent
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: background/procedural
✗ not · pleadedNot counted: background/merits
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: background/merits
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: background/merits
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: background/merits
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: background/merits
United States v. Boone — 628 F.3d 927 (2010) · United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 2010 (18usc1341: author: Fable · not independently reviewed)
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: rule-announced/procedural
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: applied/merits
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: applied/merits
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: rule-announced/procedural
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: applied/merits
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: applied/merits
United States v. Hird — 913 F.3d 332 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit · 2019 (18usc1341: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed
✓ satisfied · pleaded
· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
United States v. Seng Xiong — 914 F.3d 1154 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit · 2019 (18usc1341: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))
✓ satisfied · provedNot counted: background/lower-court
· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
United States v. Hagen — 917 F.3d 668 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit · 2019 (18usc1341: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
✗ not · no-evidence
✓ satisfied · proved
· not addressed
✗ not · no-evidence
Kanter v. Barr — 919 F.3d 437 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 2019 (18usc1341: author: Flash3 · QA: PASS (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: background/merits
· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
U.S. v. Petlechkov — 922 F.3d 762 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit · 2019 (18usc1341: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))
✓ satisfied · conceded
· not addressed
✓ satisfied · proved
· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
United States v. Runner — 143 F.4th 146 (2025) · United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit · 2025 (18usc1341: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))
✓ satisfied · proved
· not addressed· not addressed
✓ satisfied · proved
✓ satisfied · conceded
· not addressed
Neder v. United States — 527 U.S. 1 (1999) · Supreme Court of the United States · 1999 (18usc1341: author: Fable · not independently reviewed)
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: rule-announced/merits
· not addressed
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: rule-announced/merits
· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Cleveland v. United States — 531 U.S. 12 (2000) · Supreme Court of the United States · 2000 (18usc1341: author: Fable · QA: PASS (QA2, neov2/qa/wave2-cases-QA2.md))
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: applied/merits
✗ not · law
✗ not · law
· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Nijhawan v. Holder — 557 U.S. 29 (2009) · Supreme Court of the United States · 2009 (18usc1341: author: Fable · not independently reviewed)· not addressed
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: comparator/merits
· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed

Elements 7–7 of 7

18 U.S.C. § 1341
CaseSeparate section 1346 theory; outside property-fraud claim
Southern Snow Manufacturing Co. v. SnoWizard Holdings, Inc. — 912 F. Supp. 2d 404 (2012) · United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana · 2012 (18usc1341: author: Fable · not independently reviewed)· not addressed
United States v. Granberry — 725 F. Supp. 446 (1989) · United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri · 1989 (18usc1341: author: Fable · not independently reviewed)· not addressed
Lustiger v. United States — 386 F.2d 132 (1967) · United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit · 1967 (18usc1341: author: Fable · not independently reviewed)· not addressed
United States v. Galloway — 664 F.2d 161 (1981) · United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 1981 (18usc1341: author: Fable · not independently reviewed)· not addressed
United States v. Chung Lo — 231 F.3d 471 (2000) · United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit · 2000 (18usc1341: author: Fable · not independently reviewed)· not addressed
United States v. Henry — 29 F.3d 112 (1994) · United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit · 1994 (18usc1341: author: Fable · historical QA: FIX (QA2, neov2/qa/wave2-cases-QA2.md) · changed after review; current content not independently reviewed)
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: background/procedural
United States v. Boone — 628 F.3d 927 (2010) · United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 2010 (18usc1341: author: Fable · not independently reviewed)
✓ satisfied · conceded
United States v. Hird — 913 F.3d 332 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit · 2019 (18usc1341: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed
United States v. Seng Xiong — 914 F.3d 1154 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit · 2019 (18usc1341: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed
United States v. Hagen — 917 F.3d 668 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit · 2019 (18usc1341: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed
Kanter v. Barr — 919 F.3d 437 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 2019 (18usc1341: author: Flash3 · QA: PASS (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed
U.S. v. Petlechkov — 922 F.3d 762 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit · 2019 (18usc1341: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed
United States v. Runner — 143 F.4th 146 (2025) · United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit · 2025 (18usc1341: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed
Neder v. United States — 527 U.S. 1 (1999) · Supreme Court of the United States · 1999 (18usc1341: author: Fable · not independently reviewed)· not addressed
Cleveland v. United States — 531 U.S. 12 (2000) · Supreme Court of the United States · 2000 (18usc1341: author: Fable · QA: PASS (QA2, neov2/qa/wave2-cases-QA2.md))
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: rule-announced/merits
Nijhawan v. Holder — 557 U.S. 29 (2009) · Supreme Court of the United States · 2009 (18usc1341: author: Fable · not independently reviewed)· not addressed