Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit · 2025-06-25
18usc924: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)
Case and law context
Role: applied; posture: criminal appeal after jury trial; trial-error claims rejected (one instruction error held harmless); request to vacate the § 924(c) conviction on the ground that § 111(b) is not a crime of violence reviewed de novo and rejected; affirmed; result: claimant-won; claim: (c)(3)(A)
Uncertainty
None recorded
Misfit
None recorded
B · Case × element grid
Top-level elements follow claim order in panels of up to six elements. Case rows repeat across panels. Every recorded block retains its holding and basis; multiple blocks are not merged into a case-level verdict. ✓ satisfied · ✗ not satisfied · ○ not reached · · not addressed. Muted blocks are not counted. Sub-element evidence remains on case and element pages.
Elements 1–6 of 13
| Case | Qualifying federal predicate offense | Firearm object | Active employment of a firearm | Knowingly possess and convey the firearm | During and in relation to the predicate | Knowing actual or constructive possession |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States v. Butler — 141 F.4th 1136 (2025) · Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit · 2025 (18usc924: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
Elements 7–12 of 13
| Case | Possession advances the specific predicate | Armor-piercing ammunition object | Use or carry the armor-piercing ammunition | Possess the armor-piercing ammunition | Section 2 aiding and abetting route | Greater minimum for the same firearm conduct displaces the lower minimum |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States v. Butler — 141 F.4th 1136 (2025) · Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit · 2025 (18usc924: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
Elements 13–13 of 13
| Case | Sentencing consequences after offense proof |
|---|---|
| United States v. Butler — 141 F.4th 1136 (2025) · Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit · 2025 (18usc924: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed |
Instances and excluded annotation blocks
| Case | Element | Holding and scope | Pattern | Exact source quotations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States v. Butler — 141 F.4th 1136 (2025) · Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit · 2025 — satisfied · law (18usc924: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | Felony with the required force element | satisfied Counted merits instance applied / merits basis: law; claim: (c)(3)(A); party: G’Ante Butler; count: 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(1)(A)(iii), use of a firearm in furtherance of a crime of violence (predicate: forcible assault on a federal officer, 18 U.S.C. § 111(b)); subject: party=G’Ante Butler; count=18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(1)(A)(iii), use of a firearm in furtherance of a crime of violence (predicate: forcible assault on a federal officer, 18 U.S.C. § 111(b)) Decided by stare decisis: Kendall (10th Cir. 2017) held § 111(b) a crime of violence under the modified categorical approach because § 111 requires an intent to assault; Borden removed only offenses that can be committed recklessly, so Kendall controls. The shooting itself is [neutral] (categorical approach). The argument was adopted by reference from a co-defendant's companion appeal (Fed. R. App. P. 28(i)), which the court permitted. Identity (whether Butler was one of the shooters) was the trial issue and reaches this court only through harmless-error review, so no use / discharge block is recorded. | forcible assault on a federal officer under § 111(b) requires intent, not recklessness; bound by circuit precedent after Borden | Thus, for § 111(b) to be a crime of violence, it must criminalize only intentional conduct.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f4th_141.jsonl#/f4th/141/1136; Unicode character offsets [38249:38340] (end exclusive); SHA-256 44e92d7ca620e1aabb0f0d1a3f3ac4f0355314f73a450318025ee9174dabcc59.To decide whether an offense is a crime of violence, we apply the categorical approach.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f4th_141.jsonl#/f4th/141/1136; Unicode character offsets [38363:38450] (end exclusive); SHA-256 44e92d7ca620e1aabb0f0d1a3f3ac4f0355314f73a450318025ee9174dabcc59.“a ‘conviction under § 111(b) necessarily requires a finding that the defendant intentionally used, attempted to use, or threatened to use physical force against the person of another.’”Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f4th_141.jsonl#/f4th/141/1136; Unicode character offsets [40304:40490] (end exclusive); SHA-256 44e92d7ca620e1aabb0f0d1a3f3ac4f0355314f73a450318025ee9174dabcc59.Kendall remains good law after Borden and controls our decision in this case.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f4th_141.jsonl#/f4th/141/1136; Unicode character offsets [41911:41988] (end exclusive); SHA-256 44e92d7ca620e1aabb0f0d1a3f3ac4f0355314f73a450318025ee9174dabcc59.In Kendall, we held that § 111(b) is a crime of violence. We therefore reject G’Ante’s arguments to the contrary.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f4th_141.jsonl#/f4th/141/1136; Unicode character offsets [41989:42102] (end exclusive); SHA-256 44e92d7ca620e1aabb0f0d1a3f3ac4f0355314f73a450318025ee9174dabcc59. |