United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit · 2019-04-04
21usc841: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)
Case and law context
Role: applied; posture: criminal; jury conviction (count seven) for possession with intent to distribute methamphetamine; appeal from denial of motion for judgment of acquittal; defendant concedes possession and challenges only sufficiency of the evidence of intent to distribute; affirmed; result: claimant-won; claim: (a)(1)
Uncertainty
opinion: the three paragraphs @9634..10262 are the opinion's own footnotes appended by the IR; one span.
Element possession: route: conceded, so the court never says whether possession was actual or constructive; drugs in the plumbing of his home fit `constructive` better than `actual`.
Misfit
None recorded
B · Case × element grid
Top-level elements follow claim order in panels of up to six elements. Case rows repeat across panels. Every recorded block retains its holding and basis; multiple blocks are not merged into a case-level verdict. ✓ satisfied · ✗ not satisfied · ○ not reached · · not addressed. Muted blocks are not counted. Sub-element evidence remains on case and element pages.
Elements 1–6 of 18
Elements 7–12 of 18
| Case | Death or serious bodily injury results from the use of such substance (§ 841(b)(1)(A)-(C) 20-year mandatory minimum) | Recidivist enhancement for prior conviction for a serious drug felony or serious violent felony (§ 841(b)(1), 21 U.S.C. § 851) | Prohibited act under § 841(a)(1): manufacture, distribute, or dispense | Cross-statute route alias: see separate aiding-abetting (§ 2) and x-conspiracy-846 (§ 846) routes | Aiding and abetting route under 18 U.S.C. § 2 (cross-statute) | Categorical / modified categorical comparison of state drug offense to 21 U.S.C. § 841 (INA / ACCA / Guidelines) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| U.S. v. Druger — 920 F.3d 567 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit · 2019 (21usc841: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
Elements 13–18 of 18
| Case | Drug conspiracy route under 21 U.S.C. § 846 (cross-statute) | Fifth Amendment Due Process / Equal Protection challenge to carrier-medium weight sentencing (Chapman) | Affirmative defense of entrapment (government inducement + lack of predisposition) | Rule of lenity in construing ambiguous penalty provisions of § 841(b) | Fifth Amendment void-for-vagueness challenge to "mixture or substance" or analogue provisions | Continuing-offense venue for § 841(a)(1) possession with intent to distribute / distribution (18 U.S.C. § 3237(a)) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| U.S. v. Druger — 920 F.3d 567 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit · 2019 (21usc841: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
Instances and excluded annotation blocks
| Case | Element | Holding and scope | Pattern | Exact source quotations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| U.S. v. Druger — 920 F.3d 567 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit · 2019 — satisfied · proved (21usc841: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | Specific intent to manufacture, distribute, or dispense the possessed controlled substance | satisfied Counted merits instance applied / merits basis: proved; claim: (a)(1) Sufficiency upheld against a personal-use theory: 36.02 grams (testified to be a distribution amount), digital scales, baggies, a firearm, and a customer's testimony of continuing purchases. The personal-use claim is the defendant's contention, not a fact the court credited. | scales-baggies-and-customer-testimony | During a sweep of the house officers discovered 36.02 grams of methamphetamine inside the toilet and related plumbing.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_920.jsonl#/f3d/920/0567-01; Unicode character offsets [1248:1366] (end exclusive); SHA-256 38cc9acd87f1fb554f2c5aa14b5fb88e7ef1dc80558174bb22343b49e075c9ed.The officers also found digital scales, baggies, drug pipes, and other paraphernalia, along with a firearm in the bedroom.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_920.jsonl#/f3d/920/0567-01; Unicode character offsets [1367:1489] (end exclusive); SHA-256 38cc9acd87f1fb554f2c5aa14b5fb88e7ef1dc80558174bb22343b49e075c9ed.The Government presented testimony demonstrating 36.02 grams is a distribution amount.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_920.jsonl#/f3d/920/0567-01; Unicode character offsets [8163:8249] (end exclusive); SHA-256 38cc9acd87f1fb554f2c5aa14b5fb88e7ef1dc80558174bb22343b49e075c9ed.In addition, a witness testified she purchased methamphetamine from Druger beginning in 2015 and she continued to do so after the execution of the federal warrant in December of 2015.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_920.jsonl#/f3d/920/0567-01; Unicode character offsets [8792:8975] (end exclusive); SHA-256 38cc9acd87f1fb554f2c5aa14b5fb88e7ef1dc80558174bb22343b49e075c9ed.Conviction under this section requires the Government to "prove that the defendant (1) knowingly possessed the methamphetamine; and (2) had intent to distribute it."Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_920.jsonl#/f3d/920/0567-01; Unicode character offsets [7265:7430] (end exclusive); SHA-256 38cc9acd87f1fb554f2c5aa14b5fb88e7ef1dc80558174bb22343b49e075c9ed.All told, this evidence gave the jury a basis to believe Druger intended to distribute the methamphetamine found in his house instead of merely using it himself.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_920.jsonl#/f3d/920/0567-01; Unicode character offsets [8442:8603] (end exclusive); SHA-256 38cc9acd87f1fb554f2c5aa14b5fb88e7ef1dc80558174bb22343b49e075c9ed.Thus, we conclude the evidence provided a sound basis for the district court to conclude that a reasonable jury could have found beyond a reasonable doubt that Druger was guilty of possession of methamphetamine with intent to distribute it.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_920.jsonl#/f3d/920/0567-01; Unicode character offsets [9276:9516] (end exclusive); SHA-256 38cc9acd87f1fb554f2c5aa14b5fb88e7ef1dc80558174bb22343b49e075c9ed. |
| U.S. v. Druger — 920 F.3d 567 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit · 2019 — satisfied · conceded (21usc841: author: Flash2 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | Possession (actual, constructive, sole, or joint dominion and control) | satisfied Counted merits instance applied / merits basis: conceded; claim: (a)(1) Possession of the 36.02 grams found in the plumbing of his residence was conceded on appeal (he claimed it was for personal use). | drugs-in-toilet-and-plumbing-of-defendants-home | During a sweep of the house officers discovered 36.02 grams of methamphetamine inside the toilet and related plumbing.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_920.jsonl#/f3d/920/0567-01; Unicode character offsets [1248:1366] (end exclusive); SHA-256 38cc9acd87f1fb554f2c5aa14b5fb88e7ef1dc80558174bb22343b49e075c9ed.Thus, Druger concedes the element of possession but challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to prove he intended to distribute.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_920.jsonl#/f3d/920/0567-01; Unicode character offsets [7771:7901] (end exclusive); SHA-256 38cc9acd87f1fb554f2c5aa14b5fb88e7ef1dc80558174bb22343b49e075c9ed. |