15 U.S.C. § 1125(a) · B case grid

B · Case × element grid

Top-level elements follow claim order in panels of up to six elements. Case rows repeat across panels. Every recorded block retains its holding and basis; multiple blocks are not merged into a case-level verdict. ✓ satisfied · ✗ not satisfied · ○ not reached · · not addressed. Muted blocks are not counted. Sub-element evidence remains on case and element pages.

Elements 1–6 of 17

15 U.S.C. § 1125(a)
CaseStatutory person including state entities and officialsJudicial domestic infringing-use limitUse in commerce connected with goods or servicesEnforceable source-identifying mark or trade dressLikely consumer confusion about source or sponsorshipEntitlement to sue and protected commercial interest
Outlaw Lab., LP v. Shenoor Enter., Inc. — 371 F. Supp. 3d 355 (2019) · United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas · 2019 (15usc1125: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Genus Lifesciences Inc. v. Lannett Co. — 378 F. Supp. 3d 823 (2019) · United States District Court for the Northern District of California · 2019 (15usc1125: author: Astra2 · not independently reviewed)· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Niagara Bottling, LLC v. CC1 Ltd. — 381 F. Supp. 3d 175 (2019) · United States District Court, D. Puerto Rico · 2019 (15usc1125: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
EP Henry Corp. v. Cambridge Pavers, Inc. — 383 F. Supp. 3d 343 (2019) · United States District Court for the District of New Jersey · 2019 (15usc1125: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Kroma Makeup Eu v. Boldface Licensing & Branding — 920 F.3d 704 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit · 2019 (15usc1125: author: Astra2 · not independently reviewed)· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Hard Candy, LLC v. Anastasia Beverly Hills, Inc. — 921 F.3d 1343 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit · 2019 (15usc1125: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Versatop Support Sys., LLC v. Ga. Expo, Inc. — 921 F.3d 1364 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit · 2019 (15usc1125: author: Astra2 · not independently reviewed)· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Bodum USA, Incorporated v. A Top New Casting Incorporated — 927 F.3d 486 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 2019 (15usc1125: author: Astra2 · not independently reviewed)· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
La.-Pac. Corp. v. James Hardie Bldg. Prods., Inc. — 928 F.3d 514 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit · 2019 (15usc1125: author: Astra2 · not independently reviewed)· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Sportfuel, Inc. v. Pepsico, Inc. — 932 F.3d 589 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 2019 (15usc1125: author: Astra2 · QA: PASS (QA2, neov2/qa/wave2-cases-QA2-crosscheck.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: rule-announced/merits
· not addressed
4 Pillar Dynasty LLC v. N.Y. & Co. — 933 F.3d 202 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit · 2019 (15usc1125: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
✓ satisfied · provedNot counted: applied/lower-court
· not addressed
Reed v. Marshall — 142 F.4th 338 (2025) · United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit · 2025 (15usc1125: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Samara Bros. — 529 U.S. 205 (2000) · Supreme Court of the United States · 2000 (15usc1125: author: Astra2 · QA: PASS (QA2, neov2/qa/wave2-cases-QA2-crosscheck.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: rule-announced/merits
· not addressed· not addressed
Traffix Devices, Inc. v. Marketing Displays, Inc. — 532 U.S. 23 (2001) · Supreme Court of the United States · 2001 (15usc1125: author: Astra2 · not independently reviewed)· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: applied/merits
· not addressed· not addressed
Dastar Corp. v. Twentieth Century Fox Film Corp. — 539 U.S. 23 (2003) · Supreme Court of the United States · 2003 (15usc1125: author: Astra2 · not independently reviewed)· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Lexmark Int'l, Inc. v. Static Control Components, Inc. — 572 U.S. 118 (2014) · Supreme Court of the United States · 2014 (15usc1125: author: Astra2 · QA: PASS (QA2, neov2/qa/wave2-cases-QA2-crosscheck.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed

Elements 7–12 of 17

15 U.S.C. § 1125(a)
CaseGood-faith descriptive use other than as a markState sovereign immunity unless a valid route permits suitMisleading affiliation approval or sponsorshipClaimant proves nonfunctionalityCommercial advertising or promotionFalse or misleading factual representation
Outlaw Lab., LP v. Shenoor Enter., Inc. — 371 F. Supp. 3d 355 (2019) · United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas · 2019 (15usc1125: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Genus Lifesciences Inc. v. Lannett Co. — 378 F. Supp. 3d 823 (2019) · United States District Court for the Northern District of California · 2019 (15usc1125: author: Astra2 · not independently reviewed)· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Niagara Bottling, LLC v. CC1 Ltd. — 381 F. Supp. 3d 175 (2019) · United States District Court, D. Puerto Rico · 2019 (15usc1125: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
EP Henry Corp. v. Cambridge Pavers, Inc. — 383 F. Supp. 3d 343 (2019) · United States District Court for the District of New Jersey · 2019 (15usc1125: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Kroma Makeup Eu v. Boldface Licensing & Branding — 920 F.3d 704 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit · 2019 (15usc1125: author: Astra2 · not independently reviewed)· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Hard Candy, LLC v. Anastasia Beverly Hills, Inc. — 921 F.3d 1343 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit · 2019 (15usc1125: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))
✓ satisfied · provedNot counted: applied/alternative
· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Versatop Support Sys., LLC v. Ga. Expo, Inc. — 921 F.3d 1364 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit · 2019 (15usc1125: author: Astra2 · not independently reviewed)· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Bodum USA, Incorporated v. A Top New Casting Incorporated — 927 F.3d 486 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 2019 (15usc1125: author: Astra2 · not independently reviewed)· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: applied/procedural
· not addressed· not addressed
La.-Pac. Corp. v. James Hardie Bldg. Prods., Inc. — 928 F.3d 514 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit · 2019 (15usc1125: author: Astra2 · not independently reviewed)· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
✗ not · no-evidenceNot counted: applied/procedural
✗ not · no-evidenceNot counted: applied/procedural
✗ not · lawNot counted: applied/procedural
Sportfuel, Inc. v. Pepsico, Inc. — 932 F.3d 589 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 2019 (15usc1125: author: Astra2 · QA: PASS (QA2, neov2/qa/wave2-cases-QA2-crosscheck.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
4 Pillar Dynasty LLC v. N.Y. & Co. — 933 F.3d 202 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit · 2019 (15usc1125: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Reed v. Marshall — 142 F.4th 338 (2025) · United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit · 2025 (15usc1125: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Samara Bros. — 529 U.S. 205 (2000) · Supreme Court of the United States · 2000 (15usc1125: author: Astra2 · QA: PASS (QA2, neov2/qa/wave2-cases-QA2-crosscheck.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Traffix Devices, Inc. v. Marketing Displays, Inc. — 532 U.S. 23 (2001) · Supreme Court of the United States · 2001 (15usc1125: author: Astra2 · not independently reviewed)· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Dastar Corp. v. Twentieth Century Fox Film Corp. — 539 U.S. 23 (2003) · Supreme Court of the United States · 2003 (15usc1125: author: Astra2 · not independently reviewed)· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: rule-announced/hypothetical
Lexmark Int'l, Inc. v. Static Control Components, Inc. — 572 U.S. 118 (2014) · Supreme Court of the United States · 2014 (15usc1125: author: Astra2 · QA: PASS (QA2, neov2/qa/wave2-cases-QA2-crosscheck.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: applied/merits
· not addressed

Elements 13–17 of 17

15 U.S.C. § 1125(a)
CaseJudicial actual-deception or tendency-to-deceive requirementJudicial materiality requirement for purchasing decisionsJudicial zone-of-interests limit to commercial injuryJudicial proximate-causation requirementRemedy-specific proof
Outlaw Lab., LP v. Shenoor Enter., Inc. — 371 F. Supp. 3d 355 (2019) · United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas · 2019 (15usc1125: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Genus Lifesciences Inc. v. Lannett Co. — 378 F. Supp. 3d 823 (2019) · United States District Court for the Northern District of California · 2019 (15usc1125: author: Astra2 · not independently reviewed)· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Niagara Bottling, LLC v. CC1 Ltd. — 381 F. Supp. 3d 175 (2019) · United States District Court, D. Puerto Rico · 2019 (15usc1125: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
EP Henry Corp. v. Cambridge Pavers, Inc. — 383 F. Supp. 3d 343 (2019) · United States District Court for the District of New Jersey · 2019 (15usc1125: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Kroma Makeup Eu v. Boldface Licensing & Branding — 920 F.3d 704 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit · 2019 (15usc1125: author: Astra2 · not independently reviewed)· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Hard Candy, LLC v. Anastasia Beverly Hills, Inc. — 921 F.3d 1343 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit · 2019 (15usc1125: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Versatop Support Sys., LLC v. Ga. Expo, Inc. — 921 F.3d 1364 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit · 2019 (15usc1125: author: Astra2 · not independently reviewed)· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Bodum USA, Incorporated v. A Top New Casting Incorporated — 927 F.3d 486 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 2019 (15usc1125: author: Astra2 · not independently reviewed)· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
La.-Pac. Corp. v. James Hardie Bldg. Prods., Inc. — 928 F.3d 514 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit · 2019 (15usc1125: author: Astra2 · not independently reviewed)
✗ not · no-evidenceNot counted: applied/procedural
· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
✗ not · lawNot counted: applied/procedural
Sportfuel, Inc. v. Pepsico, Inc. — 932 F.3d 589 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 2019 (15usc1125: author: Astra2 · QA: PASS (QA2, neov2/qa/wave2-cases-QA2-crosscheck.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
4 Pillar Dynasty LLC v. N.Y. & Co. — 933 F.3d 202 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit · 2019 (15usc1125: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Reed v. Marshall — 142 F.4th 338 (2025) · United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit · 2025 (15usc1125: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Samara Bros. — 529 U.S. 205 (2000) · Supreme Court of the United States · 2000 (15usc1125: author: Astra2 · QA: PASS (QA2, neov2/qa/wave2-cases-QA2-crosscheck.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Traffix Devices, Inc. v. Marketing Displays, Inc. — 532 U.S. 23 (2001) · Supreme Court of the United States · 2001 (15usc1125: author: Astra2 · not independently reviewed)· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
Dastar Corp. v. Twentieth Century Fox Film Corp. — 539 U.S. 23 (2003) · Supreme Court of the United States · 2003 (15usc1125: author: Astra2 · not independently reviewed)· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed
○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: applied/procedural
Lexmark Int'l, Inc. v. Static Control Components, Inc. — 572 U.S. 118 (2014) · Supreme Court of the United States · 2014 (15usc1125: author: Astra2 · QA: PASS (QA2, neov2/qa/wave2-cases-QA2-crosscheck.md))· not addressed· not addressed· not addressed