EXCEPTION · 21usc841:unauthorized
Under 21 U.S.C. § 885(a)(1), the government need not negative any statutory exemption or exception in the indictment or until the defendant satisfies the burden of going forward with evidence of registration/authorization; once produced by a registrant, Ruan (597 U.S. 450 (2022)) requires the government to prove knowing/intentional lack of authorization beyond a reasonable doubt.
Exact element source
Except as authorized by this subchapter,Source:
docroot/ir/usc/title21.jsonl#title21_sec841; Unicode character offsets [42:82] (end exclusive); SHA-256 ebaba73bf6e21a591f44bf851f24a052a5687813c505030cd9483e17753e9420.All variants
No variants recorded in this snapshot.
How courts decided this element
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Court interpretations
interpretation
Under the federal scheme, any administering of a controlled substance that falls under the federal definition for “dispense” must be “by, or pursuant to the lawful order of, a practitioner.”
/f3d/767/0453-01 — United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit · 2014
Under the federal scheme, any administering of a controlled substance that falls under the federal definition for “dispense” must be “by, or pursuant to the lawful order of, a practitioner.”Source:
docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_767.jsonl#/f3d/767/0453-01; Unicode character offsets [9699:9889] (end exclusive); SHA-256 7bf3b1d827eec8d7df6358d4749a34a273906690b6835d5cd27a842407c6624d.Under 21 U.S.C. § 885(a)(1), the government need not negative any statutory exemption or exception in the indictment or until the defendant satisfies the burden of going forward with evidence of registration/authorization; once produced by a registrant, Ruan (597 U.S. 450 (2022)) requires the government to prove knowing/intentional lack of authorization beyond a reasonable doubt.