EXCEPTION · 42usc2000e-2:bona-fide-seniority-or-merit-system
Statutory safe harbors under § 2000e-2(h) for bona fide seniority/merit systems and professionally developed ability tests.
Exact element source
it shall not be an unlawful employment practice for an employer to apply different standards of compensation, or different terms, conditions, or privileges of employment pursuant to a bona fide seniority or merit system, or a system which measures earnings by quantity or quality of production or to employees who work in different locations, provided that such differences are not the result of an intention to discriminate because of race, color, religion, sex, or national originSource:
docroot/ir/usc/title42.jsonl#title42_sec2000e-2; Unicode character offsets [5795:6277] (end exclusive); SHA-256 7b026a9ac957c5491602d868578271db8730b4c98650f1a4007b2e7430194c8b.nor shall it be an unlawful employment practice for an employer to give and to act upon the results of any professionally developed ability test provided that such test, its administration or action upon the results is not designed, intended or used to discriminate because of race, color, religion, sex or national origin.Source:
docroot/ir/usc/title42.jsonl#title42_sec2000e-2; Unicode character offsets [6279:6602] (end exclusive); SHA-256 7b026a9ac957c5491602d868578271db8730b4c98650f1a4007b2e7430194c8b.Routes and case patterns
| Route | Definition | Merits instance blocks | Distinct merits cases | Examples (up to 3 cases per count group) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| professionally-developed-test provisional; 0 observed cases | Professionally developed ability test not designed, intended, or used to discriminate | 0 Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 0 | 0 | Never used: no annotation uses in this snapshot |
| seniority-or-merit-system provisional; 0 observed cases | Bona fide seniority, merit, or piecework system without intention to discriminate | 0 Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 0 | 0 | Never used: no annotation uses in this snapshot |
How courts decided this element
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