United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 2019-04-25
21usc846: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)
Case and law context
Role: applied; posture: criminal appeal from conviction for conspiracy to possess narcotics with intent to distribute (21 U.S.C. § 846); sufficiency of evidence affirmed against buyer-seller challenge; result: claimant-won; claim:
Uncertainty
None recorded
Misfit
None recorded
B · Case × element grid
Top-level elements follow claim order in panels of up to six elements. Case rows repeat across panels. Every recorded block retains its holding and basis; multiple blocks are not merged into a case-level verdict. ✓ satisfied · ✗ not satisfied · ○ not reached · · not addressed. Muted blocks are not counted. Sub-element evidence remains on case and element pages.
Elements 1–6 of 8
| Case | Identified offense in Subchapter I | Agreement of two or more persons to the unlawful object | Knowledge of the unlawful agreement and objective | Knowing and voluntary participation in the agreement | Withdrawal before the applicable limitations period | Intent to commit the identified object offense |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States v. Moreno — 922 F.3d 787 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 2019 (21usc846: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
Elements 7–8 of 8
| Case | Conduct beyond preparation strongly corroborating intent | Object-offense penalty incorporation |
|---|---|---|
| United States v. Moreno — 922 F.3d 787 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 2019 (21usc846: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed |
Instances and excluded annotation blocks
| Case | Element | Holding and scope | Pattern | Exact source quotations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States v. Moreno — 922 F.3d 787 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 2019 — satisfied · proved (21usc846: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | Agreement of two or more persons to the unlawful object | satisfied Counted merits instance applied / merits basis: proved; party: Maria Moreno; count: Count 1 (21 U.S.C. § 846); subject: party=Maria Moreno; count=Count 1 (21 U.S.C. § 846) Seventh Circuit affirms § 846 conspiracy conviction, holding that wholesale purchases over a year, fronting of heroin on credit, sharing trap vehicles, and warning of law enforcement threats established an agreement beyond a mere buyer-seller relationship, although the cooperating witness called her "just a customer". | tacit/wholesale-purchases-on-credit-and-shared-trap-vehicles | Rather, "the government must offer evidence establishing an agreement to distribute drugs that is distinct from evidence of the agreement to complete the underlying drug deals."Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_922.jsonl#/f3d/922/0787-01; Unicode character offsets [12998:13175] (end exclusive); SHA-256 c8f8b75205e0fdf5e7ab32d10f16627b6da873b82b2e192d7d9281e5d8256b2f.Specifically, Torres testified that from mid-2012 until Moreno's arrest in July 2013, he or an associate provided two to four kilograms of heroin to Moreno once or twice a month.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_922.jsonl#/f3d/922/0787-01; Unicode character offsets [16545:16723] (end exclusive); SHA-256 c8f8b75205e0fdf5e7ab32d10f16627b6da873b82b2e192d7d9281e5d8256b2f.Additionally, there is evidence of at least two instances when Moreno purchased the heroin on credit.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_922.jsonl#/f3d/922/0787-01; Unicode character offsets [16724:16825] (end exclusive); SHA-256 c8f8b75205e0fdf5e7ab32d10f16627b6da873b82b2e192d7d9281e5d8256b2f.She urged Torres to "drop those phones" and told him that police "follow[ed]" her from Chicago.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_922.jsonl#/f3d/922/0787-01; Unicode character offsets [17543:17638] (end exclusive); SHA-256 c8f8b75205e0fdf5e7ab32d10f16627b6da873b82b2e192d7d9281e5d8256b2f.Torres testified he paid for the repair and did not seek repayment from Moreno because Guzman said he would cover the costs.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_922.jsonl#/f3d/922/0787-01; Unicode character offsets [19286:19410] (end exclusive); SHA-256 c8f8b75205e0fdf5e7ab32d10f16627b6da873b82b2e192d7d9281e5d8256b2f.And unlike other DTO members, Moreno did not use the Guzman DTO stash house, did not have an agreement with the Guzman DTO to look for customers, and did not receive a commission.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_922.jsonl#/f3d/922/0787-01; Unicode character offsets [21744:21923] (end exclusive); SHA-256 c8f8b75205e0fdf5e7ab32d10f16627b6da873b82b2e192d7d9281e5d8256b2f.In sum, the government offered sufficient evidence to support the jury's inference that Moreno knowingly agreed to participate in a drug-trafficking conspiracy, not a mere buyer-seller relationship.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_922.jsonl#/f3d/922/0787-01; Unicode character offsets [22904:23102] (end exclusive); SHA-256 c8f8b75205e0fdf5e7ab32d10f16627b6da873b82b2e192d7d9281e5d8256b2f. |