United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit · 2019-08-15
21usc846: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)
Case and law context
Role: comparator; posture: criminal appeal challenging a Guidelines § 2K2.1 enhancement predicated on a prior 21 U.S.C. § 846 conviction; § 846 compared categorically with generic conspiracy; sentence affirmed on plain-error review; result: not-decided; claim:
Uncertainty
None recorded
Misfit
No § 846 charge is before the court; "result" is not-decided for § 846 even though the Government prevailed on the appeal (sentence affirmed).
B · Case × element grid
Top-level elements follow claim order in panels of up to six elements. Case rows repeat across panels. Every recorded block retains its holding and basis; multiple blocks are not merged into a case-level verdict. ✓ satisfied · ✗ not satisfied · ○ not reached · · not addressed. Muted blocks are not counted. Sub-element evidence remains on case and element pages.
Elements 1–6 of 8
| Case | Identified offense in Subchapter I | Agreement of two or more persons to the unlawful object | Knowledge of the unlawful agreement and objective | Knowing and voluntary participation in the agreement | Withdrawal before the applicable limitations period | Intent to commit the identified object offense |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States v. Norman — 935 F.3d 232 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit · 2019 (21usc846: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | ○ not reached · basis not recordedNot counted: comparator/merits | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed | · not addressed |
Elements 7–8 of 8
| Case | Conduct beyond preparation strongly corroborating intent | Object-offense penalty incorporation |
|---|---|---|
| United States v. Norman — 935 F.3d 232 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit · 2019 (21usc846: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | · not addressed | · not addressed |
Instances and excluded annotation blocks
| Case | Element | Holding and scope | Pattern | Exact source quotations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States v. Norman — 935 F.3d 232 (2019) · United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit · 2019 — not reached (21usc846: author: Flash3 · QA: FIX (Fable, neov2/cases/TRIAGE-Flash.md)) | Agreement of two or more persons to the unlawful object | not_reached Excluded from merits counts comparator / merits party: Thomas Edward Norman; count: sentencing enhancement predicate (prior § 846 conspiracy); subject: party=Thomas Edward Norman; count=sentencing enhancement predicate (prior § 846 conspiracy) Fourth Circuit uses § 846 only as a yardstick: because § 846 conspiracy requires no overt act it is broader than generic conspiracy under U.S.S.G. § 4B1.2, so the enhancement was error, but not plain error; the sentence is affirmed. Nothing about Norman's prior agreement is decided. | categorical-approach/no-overt-act-so-broader-than-generic-conspiracy | And it is undisputed that "conspiracy" under § 846 does not require an overt act.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_935.jsonl#/f3d/935/0232-01; Unicode character offsets [10488:10569] (end exclusive); SHA-256 3343cbfb9dc47490981c998a6eb8d91051f7a9349e09901b1cbacbec9570d8b0.We therefore hold that a "conspiracy" conviction under § 846 is a categorical mismatch to the generic crime of conspiracy enumerated in § 4B1.2(b).Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_935.jsonl#/f3d/935/0232-01; Unicode character offsets [14869:15016] (end exclusive); SHA-256 3343cbfb9dc47490981c998a6eb8d91051f7a9349e09901b1cbacbec9570d8b0. |