AND · 29usc158:lawful-union-security.dues-only
For the justification to apply, the employer must lack reasonable grounds that denial or termination was for a nonpayment-unrelated reason. This final a(3) safeguard survives section f expressly; assess financial obligations under Marquez/General Motors/Beck and applicable state law.
Exact element source
(B) if he has reasonable grounds for believing that membership was denied or terminated for reasons other than the failure of the employee to tender the periodic dues and the initiation fees uniformly required as a condition of acquiring or retaining membership;Source:
docroot/ir/usc/title29.jsonl#title29_sec158; Unicode character offsets [2133:2395] (end exclusive); SHA-256 caadb20cedf4fd4e200812fc0ec46617cc7978ef7a6b0a30e355bccfeb7e0d06.All variants
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How courts decided this element
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