AND · 18usc1962:racketeering
Predicate offenses must fall within the exhaustive list in 18 U.S.C. § 1961(1); the child entries below are a research subset, and the UNMODELED_PREDICATE_CATALOGUE is intentionally open rather than an implicit claim that the subset is complete. Fraud predicates must be pleaded with particularity under Fed. R. Civ. P. 9(b).
Exact element source
racketeering activitySource:
docroot/ir/usc/title18.jsonl#title18_sec1962; Unicode character offsets [148:169] (end exclusive); SHA-256 6caae47f43b5ab0899b660616e298363bd36f9f540d915c2be11eb7126f5e27d.All variants
| Variant | Description | Merits instance blocks | Distinct cases | Example cases (up to 3 per group) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unmodeled/remaining-section-1961-1 | Explicit open catalogue: murder, kidnapping, gambling, arson, robbery, bribery, narcotics, immigration-document offenses, financial-institution fraud, false statements, money laundering, and additional obstruction, securities, bankruptcy, and state-law predicates remain to be decomposed. | 0 Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 0 | 0 | No annotation uses in this snapshot |
| Unspecified variant | No variant assigned in the database. | 0 Satisfied 0; not satisfied 0; excluded context 5 | 0 | No counted merits examples Excluded context examples: /f3d/490/0575-01 — United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 2007 — background/merits; /f3d/80/1293-01 — United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit · 1996 — applied/merits; /us/507/0170-01 — Supreme Court of the United States · 1993 — applied/merits |
How courts decided this element
| Case | Element | Holding and scope | Variant | Exact source quotations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| /f3d/490/0575-01 — United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit · 2007 | Racketeering activity (§ 1961(1) enumerated state and federal predicate offenses) | not_reached Excluded from merits counts background / merits claim: (d) | Unspecified variant | No source quotation recorded for this block. |
| /f3d/80/1293-01 — United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit · 1996 | Racketeering activity (§ 1961(1) enumerated state and federal predicate offenses) | not_reached Excluded from merits counts applied / merits claim: (c),(d) District court also found two predicate acts not pleaded with particularity against two defendants; the panel expressly declined to resolve that. | Unspecified variant | No source quotation recorded for this block. |
| /us/507/0170-01 — Supreme Court of the United States · 1993 | Racketeering activity (§ 1961(1) enumerated state and federal predicate offenses) | not_reached Excluded from merits counts applied / merits claim: (c) A jury found securities fraud on the non-RICO counts; the predicate question was not before the Court. | Unspecified variant | No source quotation recorded for this block. |
| /us/533/0158-01 — Supreme Court of the United States · 2001 | Racketeering activity (§ 1961(1) enumerated state and federal predicate offenses) | not_reached Excluded from merits counts applied / merits claim: (c) | Unspecified variant | No source quotation recorded for this block. |
| /us/556/0938-01 — Supreme Court of the United States · 2009 | Racketeering activity (§ 1961(1) enumerated state and federal predicate offenses) | not_reached Excluded from merits counts rule-announced / merits claim: (c),(d) | Unspecified variant | No source quotation recorded for this block. |
Court interpretations
not-required
Prior criminal conviction of the predicate acts (Sedima, S.P.R.L. v. Imrex Co., 473 U.S. 479 (1985))
No source quotation recorded.
not-required
Financial or economic motive for the predicate acts (NOW v. Scheidler, 510 U.S. 249 (1994))
No source quotation recorded.
not-required
UNMODELED_PREDICATE_CATALOGUE: the exhaustive § 1961(1) list also includes murder, kidnapping, gambling, arson, robbery, bribery, narcotics, immigration-document offenses, financial-institution fraud, false statements, money laundering, and additional obstruction, securities, bankruptcy, and state-law predicates not decomposed as child elements in this pilot.
No source quotation recorded.