AND · 18usc1962:enterprise.continuing-unit
Associates must function as a continuing unit over time rather than committing isolated, uncoordinated offenses.
Exact element source
any enterpriseSource:
docroot/ir/usc/title18.jsonl#title18_sec1962; Unicode character offsets [500:514] (end exclusive); SHA-256 6caae47f43b5ab0899b660616e298363bd36f9f540d915c2be11eb7126f5e27d.All variants
| Variant | Description | Merits instance blocks | Distinct cases | Example cases (up to 3 per group) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| continuing-unit/no-common-purpose-or-roles-alleged | 1 Satisfied 0; not satisfied 1; excluded context 0 | 1 | /f-supp/567/1146-01 — United States District Court for the District of New Jersey · 1983 — not | |
| continuing-unit/same-participants-repeated-transactions | 1 Satisfied 1; not satisfied 0; excluded context 0 | 1 | /f3d/80/1293-01 — United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit · 1996 — satisfied |
How courts decided this element
| Case | Element | Holding and scope | Variant | Exact source quotations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| /f-supp/567/1146-01 — United States District Court for the District of New Jersey · 1983 | Continuing-unit requirement for association-in-fact enterprise | not Counted merits instance applied / merits basis: pleaded; claim: (b),(c),(d) | continuing-unit/no-common-purpose-or-roles-alleged | Plaintiff merely alleges that from May 1981 to the date of the complaint, the defendants conspired to defraud plaintiff in connection with the title, purchase, shipment, and sale of plaintiff’s industrial machinery.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f_supp_567.jsonl#/f-supp/567/1146-01; Unicode character offsets [16774:16989] (end exclusive); SHA-256 3836bc32665b8e1a72ea181c77043419d514089c013853f5fc10624d665e146c.Nor does plaintiff allege the individual roles that each of the defendants played within the enterprise.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f_supp_567.jsonl#/f-supp/567/1146-01; Unicode character offsets [16669:16773] (end exclusive); SHA-256 3836bc32665b8e1a72ea181c77043419d514089c013853f5fc10624d665e146c.The Court explained that each person must perform a role in the group which is consistent with the enterprise’s organizational structure and which furthers the activities of the organization.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f_supp_567.jsonl#/f-supp/567/1146-01; Unicode character offsets [16272:16463] (end exclusive); SHA-256 3836bc32665b8e1a72ea181c77043419d514089c013853f5fc10624d665e146c.This is simply not sufficient to aver a “continuing unit functioning for a common purpose.”Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f_supp_567.jsonl#/f-supp/567/1146-01; Unicode character offsets [17379:17470] (end exclusive); SHA-256 3836bc32665b8e1a72ea181c77043419d514089c013853f5fc10624d665e146c. |
| /f3d/80/1293-01 — United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit · 1996 | Continuing-unit requirement for association-in-fact enterprise | satisfied Counted merits instance applied / merits basis: pleaded; claim: (c),(d) Turkette prong 2 met; the claim fails on prong 1 (organization/structure) alone. | continuing-unit/same-participants-repeated-transactions | The complaint described in detail three land transactions between Appellants and Appellees, and referred to twenty-eight additional transactions involving Appel-lees and buyers who are not parties to the present action.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_80.jsonl#/f3d/80/1293-01; Unicode character offsets [2893:3112] (end exclusive); SHA-256 26cde6fa4ab06011a337a0eb0c4944860e40f7ebb537337a05e0b8e6b410e5bb.establishing the existence of an associated-in-fact enterprise requires proof (1) of an ongoing organization, formal or informal, and (2) that the various associates function as a continuing unit.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_80.jsonl#/f3d/80/1293-01; Unicode character offsets [7959:8155] (end exclusive); SHA-256 26cde6fa4ab06011a337a0eb0c4944860e40f7ebb537337a05e0b8e6b410e5bb.The second amended complaint adequately alleged that Appellees, as associates, functioned as a continuing unit.Source: docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_80.jsonl#/f3d/80/1293-01; Unicode character offsets [8187:8298] (end exclusive); SHA-256 26cde6fa4ab06011a337a0eb0c4944860e40f7ebb537337a05e0b8e6b410e5bb. |
Court interpretations
interpretation
establishing the existence of an associated-in-fact enterprise requires proof (1) of an ongoing organization, formal or informal, and (2) that the various associates function as a continuing unit.
/f3d/80/1293-01 — United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit · 1996
establishing the existence of an associated-in-fact enterprise requires proof (1) of an ongoing organization, formal or informal, and (2) that the various associates function as a continuing unit.Source:
docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_80.jsonl#/f3d/80/1293-01; Unicode character offsets [7959:8155] (end exclusive); SHA-256 26cde6fa4ab06011a337a0eb0c4944860e40f7ebb537337a05e0b8e6b410e5bb.Associates must function as a continuing unit over time rather than committing isolated, uncoordinated offenses.
interpretation
The Court explained that each person must perform a role in the group which is consistent with the enterprise’s organizational structure and which furthers the activities of the organization.
/f-supp/567/1146-01 — United States District Court for the District of New Jersey · 1983
The Court explained that each person must perform a role in the group which is consistent with the enterprise’s organizational structure and which furthers the activities of the organization.Source:
docroot/ir/caselaw/f_supp_567.jsonl#/f-supp/567/1146-01; Unicode character offsets [16272:16463] (end exclusive); SHA-256 3836bc32665b8e1a72ea181c77043419d514089c013853f5fc10624d665e146c.Associates must function as a continuing unit over time rather than committing isolated, uncoordinated offenses.