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Case and law context
Interpretation-only case: no CASE context or instance blocks recorded in this snapshot.
Instances and excluded annotation blocks
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Court interpretations recorded from this case
interpretation
Then, the court inquired whether the challenged provision brought about facially, or per se , unlawful restraints on trade, in which case they are preempted, or restraints that are subject to rule of reason scrutiny, in which case they are not.
Then, the court inquired whether the challenged provision brought about facially, or per se , unlawful restraints on trade, in which case they are preempted, or restraints that are subject to rule of reason scrutiny, in which case they are not.Source:
docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_916.jsonl#/f3d/916/0160-01; Unicode character offsets [11677:11921] (end exclusive); SHA-256 cd0e367f5845bbda844f06ccfcc8c7200ee4c47266959fc0c10dd9bf088d2fd2.Reserved for horizontal price fixing (Socony-Vacuum), bid rigging, horizontal market/customer allocation (Palmer v. BRG; Cooperative Theatres), certain horizontal group boycotts denying access to an essential facility/market (Northwest Wholesale Stationers; Tunica Web), and tying where the seller has appreciable economic power in the tying product market (Jefferson Parish). Vertical minimum and maximum resale price maintenance are no longer per se unlawful (Leegin, 551 U.S. 877 (2007); State Oil v. Khan, 522 U.S. 3 (1997)).
interpretation
Then, the court inquired whether the challenged provision brought about facially, or per se , unlawful restraints on trade, in which case they are preempted, or restraints that are subject to rule of reason scrutiny, in which case they are not.
Then, the court inquired whether the challenged provision brought about facially, or per se , unlawful restraints on trade, in which case they are preempted, or restraints that are subject to rule of reason scrutiny, in which case they are not.Source:
docroot/ir/caselaw/f3d_916.jsonl#/f3d/916/0160-01; Unicode character offsets [11677:11921] (end exclusive); SHA-256 cd0e367f5845bbda844f06ccfcc8c7200ee4c47266959fc0c10dd9bf088d2fd2.Under Parker v. Brown (317 U.S. 341 (1943)) and California Retail Liquor Dealers Ass'n v. Midcal Aluminum, Inc. (445 U.S. 97 (1980)), state-action immunity shields non-sovereign/private actors only when (1) the challenged restraint is clearly articulated and affirmatively expressed as state policy, and (2) the policy is actively supervised by the State itself (and hybrid state-mandated pricing rules that compel private per se conduct without active supervision are preempted, 324 Liquor / Schwegmann / Connecticut Fine Wine).