Source: cases/42usc2000e-2/VARIANTS.md
# 42usc2000e-2 -- variant catalogue (GENERATED by tools/casedsl.py variants; do not edit)
12 cases, 107 blocks, 311 verbatim quotes. **62 instances** (statute applied to the case's own facts, decided on the merits by this court); 12 applied-but-not-reached; 33 other rulings (comparator / rule-announced / background citations, or procedural / hypothetical / alternative / dissent / lower-court scope) listed separately at the end and NOT counted in the catalogue.
Citation role per case: applied 9, comparator 1, rule-announced 2.
Holding codes: S = satisfied, N = not-satisfied, - = not-reached. Pointer = `file.case` @first-quote-offset.
## Coverage
| element | cases | S | N | - | genera | variants |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| employer | 7 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 8 |
| protected-class | 10 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 10 |
| qualified | 7 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 |
| adverse-action | 9 | 9 | 2 | 0 | 7 | 11 |
| because-of | 8 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 6 | 9 |
| employer-reason | 4 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| pretext | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
| motivating-factor | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| hostile-environment | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| hostile-environment.employer-liability | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| impact | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| retaliation | 4 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 3 | 6 |
| retaliation.protected-activity | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| x-failure-to-accommodate | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| defense: x-disparate-impact-compliance | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
## element `employer`
_defendant is a covered "employer" / employment agency / labor organization; plaintiff an employee or applicant_
- **private-employer/** -- 5 (S 5 / N 0 / - 0)
- `private-employer/church-owned-college`
- S [proved] `f-supp-604-1450-turner-v-barber-scotia-college.case` @1156 -- Turner v. Barber-Scotia College (1985) -- party=Barber-Scotia College
- `private-employer/private-retailer`
- S [conceded] `f-supp-2d-832-539-glenn-v-raymour.case` @685 -- Glenn v. Raymour (2011)
- `private-employer/private-university`
- S [conceded] `f3d-858-1307-hiatt-v-colorado-seminary.case` @571 -- Hiatt v. Colorado Seminary (2017)
- `private-employer/private-utility-long-term-employee`
- S [conceded] `f-supp-962-1447-breech-v-alabama-power.case` @1070 -- Breech v. Alabama Power Co. (1997) -- party=Alabama Power Co. (APC)
- `private-employer/small-private-company-owner-supervisor`
- S [conceded] `f3d-527-358-doe-v-cars-protection-plus.case` @1537 -- Doe v. C.A.R.S Protection Plus, Inc. (2008)
- **public-employer/** -- 2 (S 2 / N 0 / - 0)
- `public-employer/municipal-fire-department`
- S [conceded] `us-557-557-ricci-v-destefano.case` @3526 -- Ricci v. DeStefano (2009)
- `public-employer/municipal-police-department`
- S [conceded] `f-supp-2d-477-41-ginger-v-district-of-columbia.case` @517 -- Ginger v. District of Columbia (2007)
- **labor-organization/** -- 1 (S 0 / N 1 / - 0)
- `labor-organization/union-sued-for-employers-discharge`
- N [law] `f-supp-962-1447-breech-v-alabama-power.case` @570 -- Breech v. Alabama Power Co. (1997) -- party=IBEW System Council U-19 (Union)
## element `protected-class`
_"race, color, religion, sex, or national origin" -- the trait relied on_
- **race/** -- 4 (S 4 / N 0 / - 0)
- `race/african-american`
- S [conceded] `f-supp-2d-832-539-glenn-v-raymour.case` @685 -- Glenn v. Raymour (2011)
- `race/black-employee`
- S [conceded] `us-509-502-st-marys-honor-center-v-hicks.case` @553 -- St. Mary's Honor Center v. Hicks (1993)
- `race/white-and-hispanic-majority-plaintiffs`
- S [conceded] `us-557-557-ricci-v-destefano.case` @1742 -- Ricci v. DeStefano (2009)
- `race/white-employee-of-predominantly-black-institution`
- S [law] `f-supp-604-1450-turner-v-barber-scotia-college.case` @1848 -- Turner v. Barber-Scotia College (1985)
- **sex/** -- 3 (S 3 / N 0 / - 0)
- `sex/female-police-applicant`
- S [conceded] `f2d-706-1-costa-v-markey.case` @35283 -- Costa v. Markey (1982)
- `sex/only-woman-in-job-classification`
- S [conceded] `us-539-90-desert-palace-v-costa.case` @5251 -- Desert Palace, Inc. v. Costa (2003)
- `sex/unspecified-theory`
- S [assumed] `f3d-858-1307-hiatt-v-colorado-seminary.case` @16142 -- Hiatt v. Colorado Seminary (2017)
- **majority-plaintiff-background-circumstances/** -- 1 (S 0 / N 1 / - 0)
- `majority-plaintiff-background-circumstances/race-conscious-policy-applied-to-everyone`
- N [no-evidence] `f-supp-2d-477-41-ginger-v-district-of-columbia.case` @798 -- Ginger v. District of Columbia (2007)
- **religion/** -- 1 (S 1 / N 0 / - 0)
- `religion/sabbath-observer-converted-during-employment`
- S [conceded] `f-supp-962-1447-breech-v-alabama-power.case` @1210 -- Breech v. Alabama Power Co. (1997)
- **sex-pregnancy-related-condition/** -- 1 (S 1 / N 0 / - 0)
- `sex-pregnancy-related-condition/abortion`
- S [law] `f3d-527-358-doe-v-cars-protection-plus.case` @2735 -- Doe v. C.A.R.S Protection Plus, Inc. (2008)
## element `qualified`
_prima facie: plaintiff qualified / performing satisfactorily_
- **qualified/** -- 3 (S 3 / N 0 / - 0)
- `qualified/long-tenure-in-position`
- S [conceded] `f-supp-962-1447-breech-v-alabama-power.case` @4848 -- Breech v. Alabama Power Co. (1997)
- `qualified/recently-promoted`
- S [conceded] `f-supp-2d-832-539-glenn-v-raymour.case` @3940 -- Glenn v. Raymour (2011)
- `qualified/undisputed`
- S [conceded] `f3d-527-358-doe-v-cars-protection-plus.case` @13825 -- Doe v. C.A.R.S Protection Plus, Inc. (2008)
- **(not reached, no variant)/** -- 2 (S 0 / N 0 / - 2)
- `(not reached, no variant)` -- 2 (S 0 / N 0 / - 2)
- - `f-supp-2d-477-41-ginger-v-district-of-columbia.case` -- Ginger v. District of Columbia (2007)
- - `f3d-858-1307-hiatt-v-colorado-seminary.case` -- Hiatt v. Colorado Seminary (2017)
- **legitimate-expectations/** -- 1 (S 0 / N 1 / - 0)
- `legitimate-expectations/subjective-institutional-fit-after-labor-dispute`
- N [proved] `f-supp-604-1450-turner-v-barber-scotia-college.case` @20104 -- Turner v. Barber-Scotia College (1985)
- **prima-facie/** -- 1 (S 1 / N 0 / - 0)
- `prima-facie/satisfactory-record-before-new-supervisors`
- S [conceded] `us-509-502-st-marys-honor-center-v-hicks.case` @1056 -- St. Mary's Honor Center v. Hicks (1993)
## element `adverse-action`
_"fail or refuse to hire or to discharge ... or otherwise to discriminate ... with respect to ... compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment"_
- **discharge/** -- 5 (S 5 / N 0 / - 0)
- `discharge/demotion-then-termination-after-escalating-discipline`
- S [conceded] `us-509-502-st-marys-honor-center-v-hicks.case` @1514 -- St. Mary's Honor Center v. Hicks (1993)
- `discharge/fired-during-medical-absence`
- S [conceded] `f3d-527-358-doe-v-cars-protection-plus.case` @3816 -- Doe v. C.A.R.S Protection Plus, Inc. (2008)
- `discharge/non-renewal-of-untenured-faculty`
- S [conceded] `f-supp-604-1450-turner-v-barber-scotia-college.case` @7340 -- Turner v. Barber-Scotia College (1985)
- `discharge/progressive-discipline-for-absences`
- S [conceded] `f-supp-962-1447-breech-v-alabama-power.case` @9092 -- Breech v. Alabama Power Co. (1997)
- `discharge/same-day-termination-after-coworker-altercation`
- S [conceded] `f-supp-2d-832-539-glenn-v-raymour.case` @7899 -- Glenn v. Raymour (2011)
- **constructive-discharge/** -- 1 (S 0 / N 1 / - 0)
- `constructive-discharge/conditions-not-objectively-intolerable`
- N [no-evidence] `f3d-858-1307-hiatt-v-colorado-seminary.case` @11679 -- Hiatt v. Colorado Seminary (2017) -- count=resignation (May 2014); theory=constructive discharge
- **demotion/** -- 1 (S 1 / N 0 / - 0)
- `demotion/removal-of-supervisory-role-with-small-pay-cut`
- S [law] `f3d-858-1307-hiatt-v-colorado-seminary.case` @5863 -- Hiatt v. Colorado Seminary (2017) -- count=demotion (Feb.-Mar. 2013); failure to reinstate supervisory duties (Aug. 2013)
- **differential-treatment/** -- 1 (S 0 / N 1 / - 0)
- `differential-treatment/no-similarly-situated-comparator-identified`
- N [no-evidence] `f3d-858-1307-hiatt-v-colorado-seminary.case` @25415 -- Hiatt v. Colorado Seminary (2017) -- count=differential workplace requirements after return from leave (2014)
- **failure-to-hire/** -- 1 (S 1 / N 0 / - 0)
- `failure-to-hire/rejected-under-minimum-height-rule`
- S [conceded] `f2d-706-1-costa-v-markey.case` @36091 -- Costa v. Markey (1982)
- **failure-to-promote/** -- 1 (S 1 / N 0 / - 0)
- `failure-to-promote/promotion-exam-results-discarded`
- S [conceded] `us-557-557-ricci-v-destefano.case` @25021 -- Ricci v. DeStefano (2009)
- **shift-change/** -- 1 (S 1 / N 0 / - 0)
- `shift-change/permanent-night-shift-to-rotating-shifts-with-lost-differential`
- S [triable] `f-supp-2d-477-41-ginger-v-district-of-columbia.case` @11850 -- Ginger v. District of Columbia (2007)
## element `because-of`
_"because of" the trait: causation/intent (inference of discrimination, comparators, direct evidence)_
- **comparator/** -- 4 (S 1 / N 3 / - 0)
- `comparator/call-in-rule-enforced-only-against-plaintiff`
- S [triable] `f3d-527-358-doe-v-cars-protection-plus.case` @16343 -- Doe v. C.A.R.S Protection Plus, Inc. (2008) -- theory=comparators (non-pregnant temporarily disabled employees)
- `comparator/conclusory-claim-of-unequal-discipline`
- N [no-evidence] `f-supp-962-1447-breech-v-alabama-power.case` @32347 -- Breech v. Alabama Power Co. (1997) -- party=APC; theory=disparate treatment
- `comparator/not-similarly-situated-different-decision-maker-and-unconfirmed-misconduct`
- N [no-evidence] `f-supp-2d-832-539-glenn-v-raymour.case` @12178 -- Glenn v. Raymour (2011) -- theory=comparators Adams and Copperthwaite (white employees, alleged fight, no discipline)
- `comparator/not-similarly-situated-other-party-to-same-altercation-less-serious-conduct`
- N [no-evidence] `f-supp-2d-832-539-glenn-v-raymour.case` @23483 -- Glenn v. Raymour (2011) -- theory=comparator Faust (white coworker in the same altercation, given written warning)
- **(not reached, no variant)/** -- 2 (S 0 / N 0 / - 2)
- `(not reached, no variant)` -- 2 (S 0 / N 0 / - 2)
- - `f2d-706-1-costa-v-markey.case` -- Costa v. Markey (1982)
- - `f3d-858-1307-hiatt-v-colorado-seminary.case` -- Hiatt v. Colorado Seminary (2017)
- **animus/** -- 1 (S 0 / N 1 / - 0)
- `animus/professional-and-philosophical-conflict-with-administration`
- N [proved] `f-supp-604-1450-turner-v-barber-scotia-college.case` @7710 -- Turner v. Barber-Scotia College (1985)
- **decision-maker-remark/** -- 1 (S 1 / N 0 / - 0)
- `decision-maker-remark/ambiguous-comment-about-the-protected-condition`
- S [triable] `f3d-527-358-doe-v-cars-protection-plus.case` @22396 -- Doe v. C.A.R.S Protection Plus, Inc. (2008) -- theory=decision-maker remark
- **differential-treatment/** -- 1 (S 0 / N 1 / - 0)
- `differential-treatment/unit-wide-change-applied-to-all-races`
- N [no-evidence] `f-supp-2d-477-41-ginger-v-district-of-columbia.case` @1653 -- Ginger v. District of Columbia (2007)
- **express-race-based-decision/** -- 1 (S 1 / N 0 / - 0)
- `express-race-based-decision/results-discarded-because-of-racial-distribution`
- S [law] `us-557-557-ricci-v-destefano.case` @993 -- Ricci v. DeStefano (2009)
- **temporal-proximity/** -- 1 (S 1 / N 0 / - 0)
- `temporal-proximity/fired-within-days-of-disclosing-condition`
- S [triable] `f3d-527-358-doe-v-cars-protection-plus.case` @25674 -- Doe v. C.A.R.S Protection Plus, Inc. (2008) -- theory=temporal proximity
## element `employer-reason`
_McDonnell Douglas step 2: legitimate nondiscriminatory reason articulated (burden of production)_
- **performance/** -- 2 (S 2 / N 0 / - 0)
- `performance/loss-of-trainee-confidence-ethics-concern-and-supervisory-style`
- S [conceded] `f3d-858-1307-hiatt-v-colorado-seminary.case` @3772 -- Hiatt v. Colorado Seminary (2017) -- count=demotion
- `performance/unchanged-supervisory-style-and-negative-trainee-feedback`
- S [conceded] `f3d-858-1307-hiatt-v-colorado-seminary.case` @7207 -- Hiatt v. Colorado Seminary (2017) -- count=failure to reinstate supervisory duties
- **(not reached, no variant)/** -- 1 (S 0 / N 0 / - 1)
- `(not reached, no variant)`
- - `f-supp-2d-477-41-ginger-v-district-of-columbia.case` -- Ginger v. District of Columbia (2007)
- **attendance/** -- 1 (S 1 / N 0 / - 0)
- `attendance/job-abandonment-no-call-absence`
- S [triable] `f3d-527-358-doe-v-cars-protection-plus.case` @29709 -- Doe v. C.A.R.S Protection Plus, Inc. (2008)
- **burden-of-production/** -- 1 (S 1 / N 0 / - 0)
- `burden-of-production/accumulated-rules-violations`
- S [conceded] `us-509-502-st-marys-honor-center-v-hicks.case` @5786 -- St. Mary's Honor Center v. Hicks (1993)
## element `pretext`
_McDonnell Douglas step 3: the reason is pretext for discrimination_
- **(not reached, no variant)/** -- 2 (S 0 / N 0 / - 2)
- `(not reached, no variant)` -- 2 (S 0 / N 0 / - 2)
- - `f-supp-2d-477-41-ginger-v-district-of-columbia.case` -- Ginger v. District of Columbia (2007) -- count=discrimination claim
- - `us-557-557-ricci-v-destefano.case` -- Ricci v. DeStefano (2009)
- **honest-belief/** -- 2 (S 0 / N 2 / - 0)
- `honest-belief/consistent-contemporaneous-reasons-after-fair-investigation`
- N [no-evidence] `f3d-858-1307-hiatt-v-colorado-seminary.case` @28380 -- Hiatt v. Colorado Seminary (2017) -- count=demotion
- `honest-belief/employer-may-disagree-with-outside-consultant-and-use-subjective-criteria`
- N [no-evidence] `f3d-858-1307-hiatt-v-colorado-seminary.case` @38266 -- Hiatt v. Colorado Seminary (2017) -- count=failure to reinstate supervisory duties
- **disputed-factual-premise/** -- 1 (S 1 / N 0 / - 0)
- `disputed-factual-premise/leave-was-approved-by-decision-maker`
- S [triable] `f3d-527-358-doe-v-cars-protection-plus.case` @20485 -- Doe v. C.A.R.S Protection Plus, Inc. (2008)
## element `motivating-factor`
_(m) mixed motive: trait was "a motivating factor"_
- **(not reached, no variant)/** -- 5 (S 0 / N 0 / - 5)
- `(not reached, no variant)` -- 5 (S 0 / N 0 / - 5)
- - `f-supp-2d-832-539-glenn-v-raymour.case` -- Glenn v. Raymour (2011)
- - `f-supp-962-1447-breech-v-alabama-power.case` -- Breech v. Alabama Power Co. (1997)
- - `f3d-527-358-doe-v-cars-protection-plus.case` -- Doe v. C.A.R.S Protection Plus, Inc. (2008)
- - `f3d-858-1307-hiatt-v-colorado-seminary.case` -- Hiatt v. Colorado Seminary (2017)
- - `us-557-557-ricci-v-destefano.case` -- Ricci v. DeStefano (2009)
## element `hostile-environment`
_harassment altering "terms, conditions" (severe or pervasive; employer liability)_
- **severe-or-pervasive/** -- 1 (S 0 / N 1 / - 0)
- `severe-or-pervasive/sporadic-anonymous-coworker-graffiti-and-gestures`
- N [no-evidence] `f-supp-2d-477-41-ginger-v-district-of-columbia.case` @29091 -- Ginger v. District of Columbia (2007)
## element `hostile-environment.employer-liability`
_harassment altering "terms, conditions" (severe or pervasive; employer liability)_
- **coworker-harassment/** -- 1 (S 0 / N 1 / - 0)
- `coworker-harassment/unreported-incidents-and-investigated-incident`
- N [no-evidence] `f-supp-2d-477-41-ginger-v-district-of-columbia.case` @30864 -- Ginger v. District of Columbia (2007)
## element `impact`
_(k) disparate impact: particular practice causes disparate impact; sub: impact.business-necessity, impact.alternative_
- **statistical-disparity/** -- 1 (S 0 / N 1 / - 0)
- `statistical-disparity/neutral-barrier-applied-to-single-sex-applicant-pool`
- N [law] `f2d-706-1-costa-v-markey.case` @35583 -- Costa v. Markey (1982) -- count=second rejection, from the women-only list; opinion=en-banc (1983, operative)
## element `retaliation`
_(§2000e-3, when decided together with a 2000e-2 claim)_
- **causal-link/** -- 3 (S 0 / N 3 / - 0)
- `causal-link/adverse-decision-announced-before-protected-activity`
- N [no-evidence] `f-supp-2d-477-41-ginger-v-district-of-columbia.case` @19033 -- Ginger v. District of Columbia (2007) -- count=rotating shifts
- `causal-link/discharge-soon-after-eeoc-charge-amid-preexisting-conflict`
- N [proved] `f-supp-604-1450-turner-v-barber-scotia-college.case` @5500 -- Turner v. Barber-Scotia College (1985)
- `causal-link/year-long-gap-and-decisionmaker-unaware`
- N [no-evidence] `f-supp-962-1447-breech-v-alabama-power.case` @16892 -- Breech v. Alabama Power Co. (1997) -- party=APC only; count=2000e-3(a) retaliatory discharge
- **pretext/** -- 2 (S 0 / N 2 / - 0)
- `pretext/adverse-decision-communicated-before-protected-activity`
- N [no-evidence] `f3d-858-1307-hiatt-v-colorado-seminary.case` @6684 -- Hiatt v. Colorado Seminary (2017) -- count=2000e-3(a) retaliation claim (demotion; failure to reinstate)
- `pretext/seniority-based-scheduling-reason-unrebutted`
- N [no-evidence] `f-supp-2d-477-41-ginger-v-district-of-columbia.case` @26072 -- Ginger v. District of Columbia (2007) -- party=Officer Potter; count=midweek days off
- **materially-adverse-action/** -- 1 (S 0 / N 1 / - 0)
- `materially-adverse-action/investigations-and-recommendations-without-discipline`
- N [no-evidence] `f-supp-2d-477-41-ginger-v-district-of-columbia.case` @23026 -- Ginger v. District of Columbia (2007) -- count=post-charge investigations, training recommendations, single citizen-complaint allegation, extended leave pending investigation
## element `retaliation.protected-activity`
_(§2000e-3, when decided together with a 2000e-2 claim)_
- **protected-activity/** -- 1 (S 0 / N 1 / - 0)
- `protected-activity/union-organizing-not-directed-at-discrimination`
- N [law] `f-supp-604-1450-turner-v-barber-scotia-college.case` @3574 -- Turner v. Barber-Scotia College (1985) -- theory=opposition clause, based on the 1978-79 contract dispute and union drive
## element `x-failure-to-accommodate`
- **reasonable-accommodation-offered/** -- 1 (S 0 / N 1 / - 0)
- `reasonable-accommodation-offered/shift-swaps-vacation-days-and-declined-lower-paid-transfer`
- N [no-evidence] `f-supp-962-1447-breech-v-alabama-power.case` @7612 -- Breech v. Alabama Power Co. (1997) -- party=APC; theory=failure to accommodate under 2000e(j)
## defense `x-disparate-impact-compliance`
- **strong-basis-in-evidence/** -- 1 (S 0 / N 1 / - 0)
- `strong-basis-in-evidence/statistical-disparity-alone`
- N [no-evidence] `us-557-557-ricci-v-destefano.case` @2256 -- Ricci v. DeStefano (2009)
## Other rulings (not instances; excluded from the counts above)
| role | scope | block | holding | variant | case |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| applied | alternative | element employer-reason | satisfied [conceded] | `misconduct/threat-to-fight-coworker` | `f-supp-2d-832-539-glenn-v-raymour.case` |
| applied | alternative | element employer-reason | satisfied [proved] | `burden-of-production/subjective-lack-of-institutional-fit` | `f-supp-604-1450-turner-v-barber-scotia-college.case` |
| applied | alternative | element employer-reason | satisfied [triable] | `attendance/unexcused-absences-under-progressive-discipline` | `f-supp-962-1447-breech-v-alabama-power.case` |
| applied | alternative | element pretext | not-satisfied [no-evidence] | `inadequate-investigation/more-witnesses-should-have-been-interviewed` | `f-supp-2d-832-539-glenn-v-raymour.case` |
| applied | alternative | element pretext | not-satisfied [proved] | `falsity-alone/exaggerated-or-shifting-reasons-but-nonracial-animus` | `f-supp-604-1450-turner-v-barber-scotia-college.case` |
| applied | alternative | element pretext | not-satisfied [no-evidence] | `no-evidence-of-pretext/plaintiff-offered-none` | `f-supp-962-1447-breech-v-alabama-power.case` |
| applied | hypothetical | element impact | satisfied [conceded] | `statistical-disparity/exam-pass-rate-below-four-fifths` | `us-557-557-ricci-v-destefano.case` -- party=minority candidates (non-parties) v. City; count=(k) disparate-impact claim that would have followed certification; never brought; theory=first step of the strong-basis-in-evidence inquiry inside defense x-disparate-impact-compliance |
| applied | hypothetical | element impact.alternative | not-satisfied [no-evidence] | `alternative-practice/reweighting-banding-assessment-center` | `us-557-557-ricci-v-destefano.case` -- party=minority candidates (non-parties) v. City; count=(k) disparate-impact claim that would have followed certification; never brought; theory=third step of the strong-basis-in-evidence inquiry inside defense x-disparate-impact-compliance |
| applied | hypothetical | element impact.business-necessity | satisfied [law] | `business-necessity/job-related-exam-professionally-developed-from-job-analysis` | `us-557-557-ricci-v-destefano.case` -- party=minority candidates (non-parties) v. City; count=(k) disparate-impact claim that would have followed certification; never brought; theory=second step of the strong-basis-in-evidence inquiry inside defense x-disparate-impact-compliance |
| applied | lower-court | element adverse-action | satisfied [proved] | `discharge/termination-after-escalating-discipline` | `us-539-90-desert-palace-v-costa.case` |
| applied | lower-court | element because-of | not-satisfied [proved] | `ultimate-burden/personal-animus-not-racial` | `us-509-502-st-marys-honor-center-v-hicks.case` |
| applied | lower-court | element because-of | satisfied [proved] | `sex-based-harassment/gender-insults-and-sexual-innuendo-by-company-president` | `us-510-17-harris-v-forklift-systems.case` |
| applied | lower-court | element motivating-factor | satisfied [proved] | `circumstantial-evidence/harsher-discipline-than-male-coworker` | `us-539-90-desert-palace-v-costa.case` |
| applied | lower-court | element pretext | not-satisfied [proved] | `falsity-alone/reason-disbelieved-but-no-finding-of-discriminatory-motive` | `us-509-502-st-marys-honor-center-v-hicks.case` |
| applied | procedural | element hostile-environment | not-satisfied [waived] | `abandoned/claim-not-defended-at-summary-judgment` | `f-supp-2d-832-539-glenn-v-raymour.case` |
| applied | procedural | element retaliation | not-satisfied [waived] | `abandoned/claim-not-defended-at-summary-judgment` | `f-supp-2d-832-539-glenn-v-raymour.case` |
| applied | procedural | defense x-prior-arbitration | not-satisfied [law] | `arbitration-preclusion/cba-grievance-award-does-not-bar-statutory-suit` | `f-supp-962-1447-breech-v-alabama-power.case` |
| applied | superseded | element impact | satisfied [law] | `general-population-statistics/minimum-height-requirement` | `f2d-706-1-costa-v-markey.case` -- count=second rejection, from the women-only list; opinion=panel on rehearing (Costa II, 1982; superseded en banc) |
| applied | superseded | element impact.business-necessity | not-satisfied [conceded] | `business-necessity/height-requirement` | `f2d-706-1-costa-v-markey.case` -- opinion=panel on rehearing (Costa II, 1982; superseded en banc) |
| applied | superseded | defense x-bottom-line | not-satisfied [law] | `bottom-line/only-protected-class-members-hired` | `f2d-706-1-costa-v-markey.case` -- opinion=panel on rehearing (Costa II, 1982; superseded en banc) |
| comparator | merits | element adverse-action | not-reached | | `f3d-41-1073-eeoc-v-francis-w-parker-school.case` |
| comparator | merits | element because-of | not-reached | | `f3d-41-1073-eeoc-v-francis-w-parker-school.case` |
| comparator | merits | element impact | not-reached | `cited-by-analogy/adea-disparate-impact-contrasted-with-title-vii` | `f3d-41-1073-eeoc-v-francis-w-parker-school.case` -- theory=ADEA (29 U.S.C. 623(a)(2)) disparate-impact claim by a job applicant; 2000e-2(a)(2) is only the yardstick |
| comparator | merits | element protected-class | not-reached | | `f3d-41-1073-eeoc-v-francis-w-parker-school.case` |
| rule-announced | merits | element adverse-action | not-reached | | `us-510-17-harris-v-forklift-systems.case` |
| rule-announced | merits | element because-of | not-reached | `ultimate-burden/personal-animus-not-racial` | `us-509-502-st-marys-honor-center-v-hicks.case` |
| rule-announced | merits | element because-of | not-reached | | `us-539-90-desert-palace-v-costa.case` |
| rule-announced | merits | element employer | not-reached | | `us-510-17-harris-v-forklift-systems.case` |
| rule-announced | merits | element hostile-environment | not-reached | `severe-or-pervasive/psychological-injury-not-required` | `us-510-17-harris-v-forklift-systems.case` |
| rule-announced | merits | element motivating-factor | not-reached | `circumstantial-evidence/harsher-discipline-than-male-coworker` | `us-539-90-desert-palace-v-costa.case` |
| rule-announced | merits | element pretext | not-reached | `falsity-alone/reason-disbelieved-but-no-finding-of-discriminatory-motive` | `us-509-502-st-marys-honor-center-v-hicks.case` |
| rule-announced | merits | element pretext | not-reached | | `us-539-90-desert-palace-v-costa.case` |
| rule-announced | merits | defense x-same-decision | not-reached | | `us-539-90-desert-palace-v-costa.case` |
## Fact-line polarity
178 fact lines: cuts-against 56, supports 122; 12 of them flagged `absent` (the court notes what is NOT alleged or proved).