Source: cases/42usc1983/VARIANTS.md
# 42usc1983 -- variant catalogue (GENERATED by tools/casedsl.py variants; do not edit)
12 cases, 114 blocks, 236 verbatim quotes. **44 instances** (statute applied to the case's own facts, decided on the merits by this court); 53 applied-but-not-reached; 17 other rulings (comparator / rule-announced / background citations, or procedural / hypothetical / alternative / dissent / lower-court scope) listed separately at the end and NOT counted in the catalogue.
Citation role per case: applied 12.
Holding codes: S = satisfied, N = not-satisfied, - = not-reached. Pointer = `file.case` @first-quote-offset.
## Coverage
| element | cases | S | N | - | genera | variants |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| person | 12 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 2 | 2 |
| color-of-law | 11 | 4 | 1 | 8 | 2 | 5 |
| color-of-law.state-actor | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| color-of-law.state-created-right | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| deprivation | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| deprivation.due-process-fair-trial | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| deprivation.due-process-liberty | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| deprivation.due-process-property | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| deprivation.eighth-amendment | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| deprivation.equal-protection | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| deprivation.first-amendment | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| deprivation.fourth-amendment | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 4 |
| deprivation.procedural-due-process | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| deprivation.substantive-due-process | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| causation | 11 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 2 | 3 |
| policy | 10 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 2 | 2 |
| policy.failure-to-train | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| damages | 11 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 |
| defense: qualified-immunity | 5 | 3 | 6 | 0 | 3 | 9 |
| defense: statute-of-limitations | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| defense: x-absolute-immunity | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| defense: x-eleventh-amendment | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| defense: x-habeas-exhaustion | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
## element `person`
_defendant is a suable "person" (individual / municipality; not a State or its officials in official capacity for damages)_
- **(not reached, no variant)/** -- 10 (S 0 / N 0 / - 10)
- `(not reached, no variant)` -- 10 (S 0 / N 0 / - 10)
- - `f-supp-2d-367-1175-dye-v-city-of-warren.case` -- Dye v. City of Warren (2005)
- - `f-supp-567-1159-thompson-v-community-action.case` -- Thompson v. Community Action of Greater Wilmington, Inc. (1983)
- - `f-supp-772-583-kamenesh-v-city-of-miami.case` -- Kamenesh v. City of Miami (1991)
- - `f2d-628-1104-dodson-v-polk-county.case` -- Dodson v. Polk County (1980)
- - `f3d-189-808-calabretta-v-floyd.case` -- Calabretta v. Floyd (1999)
- - `f3d-475-645-johnson-v-caudill.case` -- Johnson v. Caudill (2007)
- - `f3d-813-938-henderson-v-glanz.case` -- Henderson v. Glanz (2015)
- - `f4th-141-417-galloway-v-county-of-nassau.case` -- Galloway v. County of Nassau (2025)
- - `us-503-1-hudson-v-mcmillian.case` -- Hudson v. McMillian (1992)
- - `us-526-40-american-manufacturers-v-sullivan.case` -- American Manufacturers Mutual Insurance v. Sullivan (1999)
- **individual/** -- 1 (S 1 / N 0 / - 0)
- `individual/state-official-sued-in-personal-capacity-for-official-acts`
- S [law] `us-502-21-hafer-v-melo.case` @1031 -- Hafer v. Melo (1991) -- party=Hafer; count=damages claims; theory=personal-capacity suit
- **municipality/** -- 1 (S 1 / N 0 / - 0)
- `municipality/city`
- S [law] `us-503-115-collins-v-harker-heights.case` @5492 -- Collins v. City of Harker Heights (1992)
## element `color-of-law`
_acted "under color of" state law (state action; private-party tests: joint action, public function, nexus...)_
- **(not reached, no variant)/** -- 8 (S 0 / N 0 / - 8)
- `(not reached, no variant)` -- 8 (S 0 / N 0 / - 8)
- - `f-supp-2d-367-1175-dye-v-city-of-warren.case` -- Dye v. City of Warren (2005)
- - `f-supp-772-583-kamenesh-v-city-of-miami.case` -- Kamenesh v. City of Miami (1991)
- - `f3d-189-808-calabretta-v-floyd.case` -- Calabretta v. Floyd (1999)
- - `f3d-475-645-johnson-v-caudill.case` -- Johnson v. Caudill (2007)
- - `f3d-813-938-henderson-v-glanz.case` -- Henderson v. Glanz (2015)
- - `f4th-141-417-galloway-v-county-of-nassau.case` -- Galloway v. County of Nassau (2025)
- - `us-503-1-hudson-v-mcmillian.case` -- Hudson v. McMillian (1992)
- - `us-503-115-collins-v-harker-heights.case` -- Collins v. City of Harker Heights (1992)
- **public-official/** -- 4 (S 4 / N 0 / - 0)
- `public-official/administering-statutory-scheme`
- S [conceded] `us-526-40-american-manufacturers-v-sullivan.case` @12211 -- American Manufacturers Mutual Insurance v. Sullivan (1999) -- party=state officials administering the Act and the director of the State Workmen's Insurance Fund
- `public-official/county-employed-public-defender-representing-indigent`
- S [pleaded] `f2d-628-1104-dodson-v-polk-county.case` @376 -- Dodson v. Polk County (1980) -- party=Shepard (assistant public defender) and the Offender Advocate
- `public-official/county-governing-board-members`
- S [law] `f2d-628-1104-dodson-v-polk-county.case` @15569 -- Dodson v. Polk County (1980) -- party=Polk County Board of Supervisors members
- `public-official/exercise-of-official-authority`
- S [pleaded] `us-502-21-hafer-v-melo.case` @2760 -- Hafer v. Melo (1991)
- **private-party/** -- 1 (S 0 / N 1 / - 0)
- `private-party/private-insurer-using-state-authorized-withholding-procedure`
- N [law] `us-526-40-american-manufacturers-v-sullivan.case` @5871 -- American Manufacturers Mutual Insurance v. Sullivan (1999) -- party=private workers' compensation insurers and self-insured employers
## element `color-of-law.state-actor`
_acted "under color of" state law (state action; private-party tests: joint action, public function, nexus...)_
- **state-actor/** -- 1 (S 1 / N 0 / - 0)
- `state-actor/publicly-designated-nonprofit-with-mandated-public-officials-on-board`
- S [law] `f-supp-567-1159-thompson-v-community-action.case` @4800 -- Thompson v. Community Action of Greater Wilmington, Inc. (1983) -- party=CAGW; theory=Lugar prong: defendant fairly a state actor
## element `color-of-law.state-created-right`
_acted "under color of" state law (state action; private-party tests: joint action, public function, nexus...)_
- **no-nexus/** -- 1 (S 0 / N 1 / - 0)
- `no-nexus/personnel-decision-not-governed-by-state-rule`
- N [no-evidence] `f-supp-567-1159-thompson-v-community-action.case` @1459 -- Thompson v. Community Action of Greater Wilmington, Inc. (1983) -- party=CAGW and individual defendants; theory=Lugar prong: deprivation caused by exercise of a state-created right or rule
## element `deprivation`
_deprivation of a right "secured by the Constitution and laws"; sub by right, e.g. deprivation.eighth-amendment_
- **(not reached, no variant)/** -- 2 (S 0 / N 0 / - 2)
- `(not reached, no variant)` -- 2 (S 0 / N 0 / - 2)
- - `f2d-628-1104-dodson-v-polk-county.case` -- Dodson v. Polk County (1980)
- - `us-502-21-hafer-v-melo.case` -- Hafer v. Melo (1991)
## element `deprivation.due-process-fair-trial`
_deprivation of a right "secured by the Constitution and laws"; sub by right, e.g. deprivation.eighth-amendment_
- **brady-suppression-by-police/** -- 1 (S 1 / N 0 / - 0)
- `brady-suppression-by-police/suggestive-photo-array-procedures-withheld-from-prosecutor`
- S [triable] `f4th-141-417-galloway-v-county-of-nassau.case` @7683 -- Galloway v. County of Nassau (2025) -- party=Detective Lipson; theory=suggestive photo arrays withheld from prosecutors (Brady)
- **fabricated-evidence/** -- 1 (S 1 / N 0 / - 0)
- `fabricated-evidence/coerced-false-witness-statement-forwarded-to-prosecutor`
- S [triable] `f4th-141-417-galloway-v-county-of-nassau.case` @7168 -- Galloway v. County of Nassau (2025) -- party=Detectives DeCaro and Darienzo; theory=fabricated Ogletree statement; Brady non-disclosure of the coercion
- **suggestive-identification/** -- 1 (S 1 / N 0 / - 0)
- `suggestive-identification/lineup-disguising-mismatch-with-witness-description`
- S [triable] `f4th-141-417-galloway-v-county-of-nassau.case` @19993 -- Galloway v. County of Nassau (2025) -- party=Detectives Ross and Dluginski; theory=suggestive lineup
## element `deprivation.due-process-liberty`
_deprivation of a right "secured by the Constitution and laws"; sub by right, e.g. deprivation.eighth-amendment_
- **stigma-plus/** -- 1 (S 1 / N 0 / - 0)
- `stigma-plus/defamation-with-demotion-not-discharge`
- S [triable] `f-supp-772-583-kamenesh-v-city-of-miami.case` @3405 -- Kamenesh v. City of Miami (1991)
## element `deprivation.due-process-property`
_deprivation of a right "secured by the Constitution and laws"; sub by right, e.g. deprivation.eighth-amendment_
- **property-interest-public-employment/** -- 3 (S 2 / N 1 / - 0)
- `property-interest-public-employment/constructive-demotion-to-insubstantial-duties`
- S [triable] `f-supp-772-583-kamenesh-v-city-of-miami.case` @4117 -- Kamenesh v. City of Miami (1991) -- count=substantive and procedural due process claims; theory=constructive demotion
- `property-interest-public-employment/constructive-discharge-without-resignation`
- N [law] `f-supp-772-583-kamenesh-v-city-of-miami.case` @10631 -- Kamenesh v. City of Miami (1991) -- theory=constructive discharge
- `property-interest-public-employment/denial-of-discretionary-promotion`
- S [triable] `f-supp-772-583-kamenesh-v-city-of-miami.case` @15124 -- Kamenesh v. City of Miami (1991) -- theory=denial of promotion
## element `deprivation.eighth-amendment`
_deprivation of a right "secured by the Constitution and laws"; sub by right, e.g. deprivation.eighth-amendment_
- **(not reached, no variant)/** -- 1 (S 0 / N 0 / - 1)
- `(not reached, no variant)`
- - `f3d-813-938-henderson-v-glanz.case` -- Henderson v. Glanz (2015) -- party=Detention Officer Thomas
- **excessive-force/** -- 1 (S 1 / N 0 / - 0)
- `excessive-force/beating-of-restrained-prisoner-minor-injury`
- S [proved] `us-503-1-hudson-v-mcmillian.case` @635 -- Hudson v. McMillian (1992) -- party=McMillian and Woods (officers who struck the prisoner)
## element `deprivation.equal-protection`
_deprivation of a right "secured by the Constitution and laws"; sub by right, e.g. deprivation.eighth-amendment_
- **(not reached, no variant)/** -- 1 (S 0 / N 0 / - 1)
- `(not reached, no variant)`
- - `f3d-475-645-johnson-v-caudill.case` -- Johnson v. Caudill (2007) -- count=termination; lawsuit-threat statement
- **sex-discrimination-public-employment/** -- 1 (S 0 / N 1 / - 0)
- `sex-discrimination-public-employment/no-disparate-treatment-of-comparators`
- N [conceded] `f3d-475-645-johnson-v-caudill.case` @4630 -- Johnson v. Caudill (2007) -- count=computer-equipment denials; cohabitation warning; speeding suspension; training program
## element `deprivation.first-amendment`
_deprivation of a right "secured by the Constitution and laws"; sub by right, e.g. deprivation.eighth-amendment_
- **(not reached, no variant)/** -- 2 (S 0 / N 0 / - 2)
- `(not reached, no variant)` -- 2 (S 0 / N 0 / - 2)
- - `f-supp-567-1159-thompson-v-community-action.case` -- Thompson v. Community Action of Greater Wilmington, Inc. (1983)
- - `f-supp-772-583-kamenesh-v-city-of-miami.case` -- Kamenesh v. City of Miami (1991)
## element `deprivation.fourth-amendment`
_deprivation of a right "secured by the Constitution and laws"; sub by right, e.g. deprivation.eighth-amendment_
- **excessive-force/** -- 2 (S 0 / N 2 / - 0)
- `excessive-force/no-seizure-driver-drove-away-from-stop`
- N [no-evidence] `f-supp-2d-367-1175-dye-v-city-of-warren.case` @3777 -- Dye v. City of Warren (2005) -- party=Chief Mandopoulos; count=Count I, first traffic stop
- `excessive-force/reasonable-force-on-fleeing-erratic-resisting-arrestee`
- N [no-evidence] `f-supp-2d-367-1175-dye-v-city-of-warren.case` @4213 -- Dye v. City of Warren (2005) -- party=Chief Mandopoulos and John Doe officers; count=Count II, second traffic stop
- **strip-search/** -- 1 (S 1 / N 0 / - 0)
- `strip-search/child-examined-for-bruises-without-reasonable-suspicion`
- S [triable] `f3d-189-808-calabretta-v-floyd.case` @6014 -- Calabretta v. Floyd (1999) -- count=strip search of the three-year-old
- **warrantless-home-entry/** -- 1 (S 1 / N 0 / - 0)
- `warrantless-home-entry/child-abuse-investigation-on-weak-anonymous-tip`
- S [triable] `f3d-189-808-calabretta-v-floyd.case` @784 -- Calabretta v. Floyd (1999) -- count=coerced entry into the home
## element `deprivation.procedural-due-process`
_deprivation of a right "secured by the Constitution and laws"; sub by right, e.g. deprivation.eighth-amendment_
- **(not reached, no variant)/** -- 1 (S 0 / N 0 / - 1)
- `(not reached, no variant)`
- - `f-supp-567-1159-thompson-v-community-action.case` -- Thompson v. Community Action of Greater Wilmington, Inc. (1983)
- **property-interest/** -- 1 (S 0 / N 1 / - 0)
- `property-interest/benefit-entitlement-not-yet-established`
- N [law] `us-526-40-american-manufacturers-v-sullivan.case` @6139 -- American Manufacturers Mutual Insurance v. Sullivan (1999)
## element `deprivation.substantive-due-process`
_deprivation of a right "secured by the Constitution and laws"; sub by right, e.g. deprivation.eighth-amendment_
- **affirmative-duty/** -- 1 (S 0 / N 1 / - 0)
- `affirmative-duty/government-employer-unsafe-workplace`
- N [pleaded] `us-503-115-collins-v-harker-heights.case` @527 -- Collins v. City of Harker Heights (1992)
## element `causation`
_defendant "subjects, or causes to be subjected": personal involvement / supervisory liability_
- **(not reached, no variant)/** -- 8 (S 0 / N 0 / - 8)
- `(not reached, no variant)` -- 8 (S 0 / N 0 / - 8)
- - `f-supp-2d-367-1175-dye-v-city-of-warren.case` -- Dye v. City of Warren (2005)
- - `f-supp-567-1159-thompson-v-community-action.case` -- Thompson v. Community Action of Greater Wilmington, Inc. (1983)
- - `f-supp-772-583-kamenesh-v-city-of-miami.case` -- Kamenesh v. City of Miami (1991)
- - `f3d-189-808-calabretta-v-floyd.case` -- Calabretta v. Floyd (1999)
- - `f3d-813-938-henderson-v-glanz.case` -- Henderson v. Glanz (2015)
- - `us-502-21-hafer-v-melo.case` -- Hafer v. Melo (1991)
- - `us-503-115-collins-v-harker-heights.case` -- Collins v. City of Harker Heights (1992)
- - `us-526-40-american-manufacturers-v-sullivan.case` -- American Manufacturers Mutual Insurance v. Sullivan (1999)
- **personal-involvement/** -- 2 (S 0 / N 1 / - 1)
- `personal-involvement/no-liability-for-events-defendant-took-no-part-in`
- - `f4th-141-417-galloway-v-county-of-nassau.case` @27318 -- Galloway v. County of Nassau (2025) -- party=each detective, as to the other detectives' conduct
- `personal-involvement/requests-handled-by-subordinates-not-defendant`
- N [conceded] `f3d-475-645-johnson-v-caudill.case` @16331 -- Johnson v. Caudill (2007) -- count=patrol-assignment and verbal equipment-request allegations
- **supervisory/** -- 1 (S 1 / N 0 / - 0)
- `supervisory/established-rules-and-procedures-subordinate-followed`
- S [pleaded] `f2d-628-1104-dodson-v-polk-county.case` @1762 -- Dodson v. Polk County (1980) -- party=Offender Advocate and Board of Supervisors members
## element `policy`
_municipal liability: official policy or custom was the moving force (Monell); sub: policy.failure-to-train ..._
- **(not reached, no variant)/** -- 8 (S 0 / N 0 / - 8)
- `(not reached, no variant)` -- 8 (S 0 / N 0 / - 8)
- - `f-supp-567-1159-thompson-v-community-action.case` -- Thompson v. Community Action of Greater Wilmington, Inc. (1983)
- - `f3d-189-808-calabretta-v-floyd.case` -- Calabretta v. Floyd (1999)
- - `f3d-475-645-johnson-v-caudill.case` -- Johnson v. Caudill (2007)
- - `f3d-813-938-henderson-v-glanz.case` -- Henderson v. Glanz (2015)
- - `f4th-141-417-galloway-v-county-of-nassau.case` -- Galloway v. County of Nassau (2025)
- - `us-502-21-hafer-v-melo.case` -- Hafer v. Melo (1991)
- - `us-503-1-hudson-v-mcmillian.case` -- Hudson v. McMillian (1992)
- - `us-526-40-american-manufacturers-v-sullivan.case` -- American Manufacturers Mutual Insurance v. Sullivan (1999)
- **final-policymaker/** -- 1 (S 1 / N 0 / - 0)
- `final-policymaker/police-chief-decision-ratified-by-city-manager`
- S [triable] `f-supp-772-583-kamenesh-v-city-of-miami.case` @3230 -- Kamenesh v. City of Miami (1991) -- party=City of Miami and official-capacity defendants
- **policy-or-custom/** -- 1 (S 0 / N 1 / - 0)
- `policy-or-custom/entity-named-only-as-source-of-authority`
- N [pleaded] `f2d-628-1104-dodson-v-polk-county.case` @15735 -- Dodson v. Polk County (1980) -- party=Polk County (entity)
## element `policy.failure-to-train`
_municipal liability: official policy or custom was the moving force (Monell); sub: policy.failure-to-train ..._
- **derivative-of-deprivation/** -- 1 (S 0 / N 1 / - 0)
- `derivative-of-deprivation/derivative-claim-falls-with-officer-claim`
- N [law] `f-supp-2d-367-1175-dye-v-city-of-warren.case` @37805 -- Dye v. City of Warren (2005) -- party=City of Warren; count=Count III; theory=derivative of the officers' violation (Heller)
- **failure-to-train/** -- 1 (S 1 / N 0 / - 0)
- `failure-to-train/deliberate-indifference-to-employee-safety`
- S [assumed] `us-503-115-collins-v-harker-heights.case` @1305 -- Collins v. City of Harker Heights (1992)
## element `damages`
_cognizable injury / relief available_
- **(not reached, no variant)/** -- 11 (S 0 / N 0 / - 11)
- `(not reached, no variant)` -- 11 (S 0 / N 0 / - 11)
- - `f-supp-2d-367-1175-dye-v-city-of-warren.case` -- Dye v. City of Warren (2005)
- - `f-supp-567-1159-thompson-v-community-action.case` -- Thompson v. Community Action of Greater Wilmington, Inc. (1983)
- - `f-supp-772-583-kamenesh-v-city-of-miami.case` -- Kamenesh v. City of Miami (1991)
- - `f2d-628-1104-dodson-v-polk-county.case` -- Dodson v. Polk County (1980)
- - `f3d-189-808-calabretta-v-floyd.case` -- Calabretta v. Floyd (1999)
- - `f3d-475-645-johnson-v-caudill.case` -- Johnson v. Caudill (2007)
- - `f3d-813-938-henderson-v-glanz.case` -- Henderson v. Glanz (2015)
- - `f4th-141-417-galloway-v-county-of-nassau.case` -- Galloway v. County of Nassau (2025)
- - `us-502-21-hafer-v-melo.case` -- Hafer v. Melo (1991)
- - `us-503-115-collins-v-harker-heights.case` -- Collins v. City of Harker Heights (1992)
- - `us-526-40-american-manufacturers-v-sullivan.case` -- American Manufacturers Mutual Insurance v. Sullivan (1999)
## defense `qualified-immunity`
- **clearly-established/** -- 6 (S 0 / N 6 / - 0)
- `clearly-established/adverse-employment-action-without-cause-contrary-to-state-statute`
- N [no-evidence] `f-supp-772-583-kamenesh-v-city-of-miami.case` @21608 -- Kamenesh v. City of Miami (1991) -- party=individual-capacity defendants (argued and decided jointly)
- `clearly-established/fabrication-of-evidence-by-coercing-witness`
- N [law] `f4th-141-417-galloway-v-county-of-nassau.case` @14531 -- Galloway v. County of Nassau (2025) -- party=Detectives DeCaro and Darienzo
- `clearly-established/general-rule-applied-to-novel-suggestive-lineup`
- N [law] `f4th-141-417-galloway-v-county-of-nassau.case` @9312 -- Galloway v. County of Nassau (2025) -- party=Detectives Ross and Dluginski; opinion=majority
- `clearly-established/police-withholding-exculpatory-evidence-from-prosecutor`
- N [law] `f4th-141-417-galloway-v-county-of-nassau.case` @19185 -- Galloway v. County of Nassau (2025) -- party=Detective Lipson; opinion=majority
- `clearly-established/strip-search-of-child-during-unlawful-home-entry`
- N [law] `f3d-189-808-calabretta-v-floyd.case` @4548 -- Calabretta v. Floyd (1999) -- party=social worker Floyd; count=strip search of the three-year-old
- `clearly-established/warrantless-home-entry-child-welfare-check-no-exigency`
- N [law] `f3d-189-808-calabretta-v-floyd.case` @2083 -- Calabretta v. Floyd (1999) -- party=social worker Floyd and Officer Schwall; count=coerced entry into the home
- **not-clearly-established/** -- 2 (S 2 / N 0 / - 0)
- `not-clearly-established/no-authority-for-specific-conduct`
- S [law] `f3d-475-645-johnson-v-caudill.case` @5854 -- Johnson v. Caudill (2007) -- count="not afraid of lawsuits" statement; "make do" equipment response
- `not-clearly-established/officer-left-post-without-subjective-knowledge-of-risk`
- S [law] `f3d-813-938-henderson-v-glanz.case` @3750 -- Henderson v. Glanz (2015) -- party=Detention Officer Thomas
- **objectively-reasonable-conduct/** -- 1 (S 1 / N 0 / - 0)
- `objectively-reasonable-conduct/termination-after-third-party-ended-core-job-function`
- S [law] `f3d-475-645-johnson-v-caudill.case` @3087 -- Johnson v. Caudill (2007) -- count=termination
## defense `statute-of-limitations`
- **borrowed-state-personal-injury-period/** -- 1 (S 0 / N 1 / - 0)
- `borrowed-state-personal-injury-period/filed-within-two-years`
- N [law] `f-supp-2d-367-1175-dye-v-city-of-warren.case` @16215 -- Dye v. City of Warren (2005) -- party=Chief Mandopoulos and City of Warren
## defense `x-absolute-immunity`
- **absolute-immunity/** -- 2 (S 0 / N 2 / - 0)
- `absolute-immunity/public-defender-akin-to-private-counsel`
- N [law] `f2d-628-1104-dodson-v-polk-county.case` @7155 -- Dodson v. Polk County (1980) -- party=Shepard (public defender)
- `absolute-immunity/state-executive-employment-decision`
- N [law] `us-502-21-hafer-v-melo.case` @12127 -- Hafer v. Melo (1991)
## defense `x-eleventh-amendment`
- **sovereign-immunity/** -- 1 (S 0 / N 1 / - 0)
- `sovereign-immunity/personal-capacity-damages-not-against-treasury`
- N [law] `us-502-21-hafer-v-melo.case` @15323 -- Hafer v. Melo (1991)
## defense `x-habeas-exhaustion`
- **relief-in-nature-of-habeas/** -- 1 (S 1 / N 0 / - 0)
- `relief-in-nature-of-habeas/state-remedies-unexhausted`
- S [conceded] `f2d-628-1104-dodson-v-polk-county.case` @13672 -- Dodson v. Polk County (1980) -- count=claim for injunction commanding release
## Other rulings (not instances; excluded from the counts above)
| role | scope | block | holding | variant | case |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| applied | alternative | element policy.failure-to-train | not-satisfied [no-evidence] | `failure-to-train/no-showing-need-for-training-was-obvious` | `f-supp-2d-367-1175-dye-v-city-of-warren.case` -- party=City of Warren; count=Count III; theory=Canton deliberate indifference (footnote: "Additionally...") |
| applied | alternative | defense qualified-immunity | satisfied [law] | `reasonable-mistake/force-on-erratic-arrestee-perceived-as-danger` | `f-supp-2d-367-1175-dye-v-city-of-warren.case` -- party=Chief Mandopoulos and John Doe officers; count=second traffic stop |
| applied | lower-court | element causation | satisfied [proved] | `supervisory/on-scene-supervisor-condoned-subordinates-force` | `us-503-1-hudson-v-mcmillian.case` -- party=Mezo (supervisor on duty) |
| applied | lower-court | element damages | satisfied [proved] | `compensatory/small-award-for-minor-physical-injury` | `us-503-1-hudson-v-mcmillian.case` |
| applied | lower-court | element deprivation.eighth-amendment | satisfied [triable] | `failure-to-protect/inmate-left-unsecured-with-unrestrained-inmate-in-understaffed-unit` | `f3d-813-938-henderson-v-glanz.case` -- party=Detention Officer Johnson; Sheriff Glanz |
| applied | lower-court | element person | satisfied [law] | `official-capacity/state-official-sued-for-prospective-relief` | `us-502-21-hafer-v-melo.case` -- party=Hafer; count=reinstatement claims; theory=official-capacity suit for prospective relief |
| applied | procedural | defense qualified-immunity | not-reached | | `f3d-813-938-henderson-v-glanz.case` -- party=Detention Officer Johnson |
| applied | procedural | defense qualified-immunity | not-reached | | `f3d-813-938-henderson-v-glanz.case` -- party=Sheriff Glanz (individual capacity) |
| applied | procedural | defense statute-of-limitations | satisfied [law] | `john-doe-defendants/no-relation-back-for-unnamed-officers` | `f-supp-2d-367-1175-dye-v-city-of-warren.case` -- party=John Does 1-5; theory=no Rule 15(c) relation-back for later-named "John Doe" officers |
| applied | procedural | defense x-collateral-estoppel | not-satisfied [law] | `issue-preclusion/no-contest-plea-does-not-bar-excessive-force-claim` | `f-supp-2d-367-1175-dye-v-city-of-warren.case` |
| applied | procedural | element x-interlocutory-jurisdiction | not-satisfied [law] | `qualified-immunity-appeal/challenge-to-evidence-sufficiency` | `f3d-813-938-henderson-v-glanz.case` -- party=Detention Officer Johnson; Sheriff Glanz (their appeals) |
| applied | procedural | element x-interlocutory-jurisdiction | satisfied [law] | `qualified-immunity-appeal/district-court-facts-blatantly-contradicted-by-record` | `f3d-813-938-henderson-v-glanz.case` -- party=Detention Officer Thomas (his appeal) |
| applied | procedural | element x-issue-not-raised-below | not-reached | | `f3d-189-808-calabretta-v-floyd.case` -- count=separate interview of the twelve-year-old |
| applied | procedural | element x-malicious-prosecution | not-reached | | `f4th-141-417-galloway-v-county-of-nassau.case` -- count=malicious-prosecution claims (1983 vs. detectives; state-law vs. County) |
| background | merits | element x-federal-action | not-satisfied [no-evidence] | `no-federal-instrumentality/federal-funding-and-regulation-only` | `f-supp-567-1159-thompson-v-community-action.case` -- party=CAGW; count=Fifth Amendment claim (not a 1983 claim); theory=federal instrumentality |
| rule-announced | merits | defense qualified-immunity | not-reached | `good-faith-immunity/public-defender-professional-judgment` | `f2d-628-1104-dodson-v-polk-county.case` -- party=Shepard; extended to Offender Advocate and Board members |
| rule-announced | merits | element x-abuse-of-governmental-power | not-reached | `rejected-extra-element/abuse-of-power-separate-from-constitutional-violation` | `us-503-115-collins-v-harker-heights.case` |
## Fact-line polarity
105 fact lines: cuts-against 37, supports 68; 8 of them flagged `absent` (the court notes what is NOT alleged or proved).