Source: cases/42usc1983/ELEMENTS
# 42 U.S.C. ยง 1983 -- provisional element vocabulary (see 18usc1962/ELEMENTS for conventions). person defendant is a suable "person" (individual / municipality; not a State or its officials in official capacity for damages) color-of-law acted "under color of" state law (state action; private-party tests: joint action, public function, nexus...) deprivation deprivation of a right "secured by the Constitution and laws"; sub by right, e.g. deprivation.eighth-amendment causation defendant "subjects, or causes to be subjected": personal involvement / supervisory liability policy municipal liability: official policy or custom was the moving force (Monell); sub: policy.failure-to-train ... damages cognizable injury / relief available