Source: cases/42usc1981/VARIANTS.md
# 42usc1981 -- variant catalogue (GENERATED by tools/casedsl.py variants; do not edit)
10 cases, 25 blocks, 76 verbatim quotes. **14 instances** (statute applied to the case's own facts, decided on the merits by this court); 4 applied-but-not-reached; 7 other rulings (comparator / rule-announced / background citations, or procedural / hypothetical / alternative / dissent / lower-court scope) listed separately at the end and NOT counted in the catalogue.
Citation role per case: applied 8, background 1, rule-announced 1.
Holding codes: S = satisfied, N = not-satisfied, - = not-reached. Pointer = `file.case` @first-quote-offset.
## Coverage
| element | cases | S | N | - | genera | variants |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| but-for-causation | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| defendant-knowledge | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| own-contract | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| racial-intent | 4 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 6 |
| remedies | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| retaliatory-causation | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| state-remedial-route | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
## element `but-for-causation`
- **(not reached, no variant)/** -- 2 (S 0 / N 0 / - 2)
- `(not reached, no variant)` -- 2 (S 0 / N 0 / - 2)
- - `f3d-922-219-haynes-v-waste-connections.case` -- Haynes v. Waste Connections, Inc. (2019)
- - `f3d-927-81-hu-v-city-of-new-york.case` -- Hu v. City of New York (2019)
## element `defendant-knowledge`
- **knowledge/** -- 1 (S 0 / N 1 / - 0)
- `knowledge/conclusory-collective-allegation`
- N [pleaded] `f3d-935-510-boxill-v-ogrady.case` @2655 -- Boxill v. O’Grady (2019) -- party=O’Grady; count=Section 1981 retaliation
## element `own-contract`
- **contract-context/** -- 1 (S 0 / N 0 / - 1)
- `contract-context/construction-client-loss`
- - `f3d-927-81-hu-v-city-of-new-york.case` @3275 -- Hu v. City of New York (2019)
- **corporate-separateness/** -- 1 (S 0 / N 1 / - 0)
- `corporate-separateness/shareholder-agent-contract-rights`
- N [law] `us-546-470-dominos-pizza-v-mcdonald.case` @307 -- Domino’s Pizza, Inc. v. McDonald (2006) -- party=McDonald personally; theory=Direct contract discrimination
## element `racial-intent`
- **circumstantial-proof/** -- 6 (S 3 / N 3 / - 0)
- `circumstantial-proof/comparative-qualifications`
- N [no-evidence] `f3d-918-990-nelson-v-usable-mutual-insurance.case` @227 -- Nelson v. USAble Mutual Insurance Co. (2019) -- party=Nelson and ABCBS; theory=Qualifications show promotion pretext
- `circumstantial-proof/comparator-discipline`
- S [triable] `f3d-922-219-haynes-v-waste-connections.case` @785 -- Haynes v. Waste Connections, Inc. (2019) -- party=Haynes and WCI; theory=White employee with comparable or more serious infractions
- `circumstantial-proof/council-ratification`
- N [no-evidence] `f3d-935-633-ridgell-v-city-of-pine-bluff.case` @2640 -- Ridgell v. City of Pine Bluff (2019) -- party=Councilman Holcomb and other officials; theory=Independent or combined municipal discrimination
- `circumstantial-proof/preselection-and-job-criteria`
- N [no-evidence] `f3d-918-990-nelson-v-usable-mutual-insurance.case` @8417 -- Nelson v. USAble Mutual Insurance Co. (2019) -- party=Nelson and ABCBS; theory=Allegedly reduced requirements show preselection
- `circumstantial-proof/same-site-different-race-comparator`
- S [pleaded] `f3d-927-81-hu-v-city-of-new-york.case` @1351 -- Hu v. City of New York (2019) -- party=Hu, 888 Consulting, and NY Drilling against DOB defendants; theory=Race-based selective code enforcement
- `circumstantial-proof/shifting-termination-explanations`
- S [triable] `f3d-922-219-haynes-v-waste-connections.case` @2489 -- Haynes v. Waste Connections, Inc. (2019) -- party=Haynes and WCI; theory=Pretext
## element `remedies`
- **punitive-damages/** -- 2 (S 2 / N 0 / - 0)
- `punitive-damages/managerial-reckless-indifference`
- S [proved] `f3d-919-520-bryant-v-jeffrey-sand.case` @851 -- Bryant v. Jeffrey Sand Co. (2019) -- party=Bryant against Jeffrey Sand; theory=Sufficiency of punitive culpability
- `punitive-damages/nominal-compensation-proportionality`
- S [law] `f3d-919-520-bryant-v-jeffrey-sand.case` @4380 -- Bryant v. Jeffrey Sand Co. (2019) -- theory=Due process and comparison with Title VII cap
- **attorney-fees/** -- 1 (S 1 / N 0 / - 0)
- `attorney-fees/prior-awards-support-hourly-rate`
- S [law] `f3d-919-520-bryant-v-jeffrey-sand.case` @16744 -- Bryant v. Jeffrey Sand Co. (2019) -- theory=Section 1988(b) fee review
## element `retaliatory-causation`
- **retaliation/** -- 1 (S 0 / N 1 / - 0)
- `retaliation/undifferentiated-officials`
- N [pleaded] `f3d-935-510-boxill-v-ogrady.case` @1325 -- Boxill v. O’Grady (2019) -- party=All individual defendants; count=Section 1981 retaliation
## element `state-remedial-route`
- **(not reached, no variant)/** -- 1 (S 0 / N 0 / - 1)
- `(not reached, no variant)`
- - `f3d-927-81-hu-v-city-of-new-york.case` -- Hu v. City of New York (2019)
- **municipal-liability/** -- 1 (S 0 / N 1 / - 0)
- `municipal-liability/sole-discriminator-exonerated`
- N [law] `f3d-935-633-ridgell-v-city-of-pine-bluff.case` @3573 -- Ridgell v. City of Pine Bluff (2019) -- party=City of Pine Bluff; theory=Liability premised on Mayor Hollingsworth’s actions
- **state-remedy/** -- 1 (S 1 / N 0 / - 0)
- `state-remedy/section1983-pleaded`
- S [law] `f3d-935-510-boxill-v-ogrady.case` @409 -- Boxill v. O’Grady (2019) -- party=Individual judges and court administrator
## Other rulings (not instances; excluded from the counts above)
| role | scope | block | holding | variant | case |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| applied | procedural | element contractual-impairment | not-reached | `temporal-scope/postformation-employment` | `us-541-369-jones-v-rr-donnelley.case` -- count=Hostile work environment, wrongful discharge, failure to transfer |
| applied | procedural | defense limitations | not-satisfied [proved] | `limitations/continuing-hostile-environment` | `f3d-919-520-bryant-v-jeffrey-sand.case` -- count=Hostile work environment |
| applied | procedural | defense limitations | not-satisfied [law] | `limitations/post1990-created-rights` | `us-541-369-jones-v-rr-donnelley.case` -- count=Hostile work environment, wrongful discharge, failure to transfer; theory=Employer’s borrowed two-year Illinois period |
| background | procedural | element contractual-impairment | not-reached | `preclusion/same-incident-new-legal-theory` | `f3d-931-712-brown-v-kansas-city-live.case` |
| rule-announced | merits | element contractual-impairment | not-reached | `contract-scope/formation-and-postformation` | `us-546-470-dominos-pizza-v-mcdonald.case` |
| rule-announced | merits | element protected-activity | not-reached | `protected-advocacy/coworker-racial-dismissal` | `us-553-442-cbocs-west-v-humphries.case` -- party=Humphries; opinion=majority |
| rule-announced | merits | element remedies | not-reached | `parallel-remedies/title-vii-independent-section1981` | `us-553-442-cbocs-west-v-humphries.case` -- opinion=majority |
## Fact-line polarity
38 fact lines: cuts-against 13, supports 25; 5 of them flagged `absent` (the court notes what is NOT alleged or proved).