Source: cases/18usc922/VARIANTS.md
# 18usc922 -- variant catalogue (GENERATED by tools/casedsl.py variants; do not edit)
15 cases, 45 blocks, 137 verbatim quotes. **9 instances** (statute applied to the case's own facts, decided on the merits by this court); 11 applied-but-not-reached; 25 other rulings (comparator / rule-announced / background citations, or procedural / hypothetical / alternative / dissent / lower-court scope) listed separately at the end and NOT counted in the catalogue.
Citation role per case: applied 9, background 2, comparator 3, rule-announced 1.
Holding codes: S = satisfied, N = not-satisfied, - = not-reached. Pointer = `file.case` @first-quote-offset.
## Coverage
| element | cases | S | N | - | genera | variants |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| commerce-possession | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| commerce-receipt | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| knowledge-conduct | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| knowledge-possession | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| knowledge-status | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| possession | 5 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 2 |
| receipt | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| status.g1 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 |
| status.g9 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
## element `commerce-possession`
- **(not reached, no variant)/** -- 2 (S 0 / N 0 / - 2)
- `(not reached, no variant)` -- 2 (S 0 / N 0 / - 2)
- - `f3d-41-25-us-v-rogers.case` -- United States v. Rogers (1994)
- - `f3d-422-207-us-v-moye.case` -- United States v. Moye (2005)
- **prior-interstate-travel/** -- 1 (S 1 / N 0 / - 0)
- `prior-interstate-travel/uncontested-on-appeal`
- S [conceded] `f3d-57-516-us-v-kitchen.case` @6721 -- United States v. Kitchen (1995)
## element `commerce-receipt`
- **(not reached, no variant)/** -- 1 (S 0 / N 0 / - 1)
- `(not reached, no variant)`
- - `f2d-899-543-us-v-cassidy.case` -- United States v. Cassidy (1990)
## element `knowledge-conduct`
- **(not reached, no variant)/** -- 1 (S 0 / N 0 / - 1)
- `(not reached, no variant)`
- - `f2d-899-543-us-v-cassidy.case` -- United States v. Cassidy (1990)
## element `knowledge-possession`
- **(not reached, no variant)/** -- 1 (S 0 / N 0 / - 1)
- `(not reached, no variant)`
- - `f3d-57-516-us-v-kitchen.case` -- United States v. Kitchen (1995)
## element `knowledge-status`
- **(not reached, no variant)/** -- 1 (S 0 / N 0 / - 1)
- `(not reached, no variant)`
- - `f3d-41-25-us-v-rogers.case` -- United States v. Rogers (1994)
## element `possession`
- **(not reached, no variant)/** -- 3 (S 0 / N 0 / - 3)
- `(not reached, no variant)` -- 3 (S 0 / N 0 / - 3)
- - `f3d-32-867-us-v-rhodes.case` -- United States v. Rhodes (1994)
- - `us-544-385-small-v-us.case` -- Small v. United States (2005)
- - `us-555-415-us-v-hayes.case` -- United States v. Hayes (2009)
- **constructive/** -- 2 (S 2 / N 0 / - 0)
- `constructive/admitted-ownership-of-gun-in-another-room-and-matching-bullet-on-person`
- S [proved] `f3d-41-25-us-v-rogers.case` @759 -- United States v. Rogers (1994) -- theory=constructive possession (gun in a different bedroom from the one where defendant was hiding)
- `constructive/firearm-in-bedroom-of-shared-residence`
- S [proved] `f3d-57-516-us-v-kitchen.case` @3994 -- United States v. Kitchen (1995) -- count=felon-in-possession count (.357 revolver and 9 mm pistol in a first-floor bedroom); theory=constructive possession through residence in the home; joint with the girlfriend
## element `receipt`
- **(not reached, no variant)/** -- 1 (S 0 / N 0 / - 1)
- `(not reached, no variant)`
- - `f2d-899-543-us-v-cassidy.case` -- United States v. Cassidy (1990)
## element `status.g1`
- **prior-felony/** -- 3 (S 3 / N 0 / - 0)
- `prior-felony/certified-record-of-conviction`
- S [conceded] `f3d-422-207-us-v-moye.case` @2212 -- United States v. Moye (2005) -- party=Moye
- `prior-felony/multiple-burglary-convictions-admitted`
- S [conceded] `f3d-41-25-us-v-rogers.case` @13180 -- United States v. Rogers (1994)
- `prior-felony/uncontested-on-appeal`
- S [conceded] `f3d-57-516-us-v-kitchen.case` @6909 -- United States v. Kitchen (1995)
- **(not reached, no variant)/** -- 1 (S 0 / N 0 / - 1)
- `(not reached, no variant)`
- - `f3d-481-882-us-v-nance.case` -- United States v. Nance (2007)
- **civil-rights-restoration/** -- 1 (S 1 / N 0 / - 0)
- `civil-rights-restoration/state-statute-firearms-bar-outside-restoration-certificate`
- S [law] `f2d-899-543-us-v-cassidy.case` @512 -- United States v. Cassidy (1990) -- count=Count II (receipt of a firearm, January 3, 1987, charged under 922(g)(1))
- **convicted-in-any-court/** -- 1 (S 0 / N 1 / - 0)
- `convicted-in-any-court/foreign-court-conviction`
- N [law] `us-544-385-small-v-us.case` @571 -- Small v. United States (2005) -- opinion=majority
## element `status.g9`
- **predicate-offense-definition/** -- 1 (S 1 / N 0 / - 0)
- `predicate-offense-definition/generic-battery-conviction-with-domestic-victim-in-fact`
- S [pleaded] `us-555-415-us-v-hayes.case` @1542 -- United States v. Hayes (2009)
## Other rulings (not instances; excluded from the counts above)
| role | scope | block | holding | variant | case |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| applied | dissent | element possession | satisfied [proved] | `actual/inferred-handling-as-inside-man-in-gun-store-burglary` | `f3d-422-207-us-v-moye.case` -- count=Count I, defendant as principal; theory=possession inferred circumstantially: defendant as the inside man who removed the guns and passed them out; opinion=dissent (Hamilton) |
| applied | dissent | element possession | not-reached | `constructive/control` | `f3d-481-882-us-v-nance.case` -- count=single count, possession "on or about December 12, 2003"; opinion=Holschuh, D.J., concurring in part and dissenting in part |
| applied | dissent | element status.g1 | satisfied [law] | `convicted-in-any-court/foreign-court-conviction` | `us-544-385-small-v-us.case` -- opinion=Thomas, J., dissenting (joined by Scalia and Kennedy, JJ.) |
| applied | lower-court | element possession | satisfied [conceded] | `actual/control` | `f4th-142-308-us-v-kimble.case` |
| applied | lower-court | element status.g1 | satisfied [conceded] | `prior-felony/state-and-federal-drug-trafficking-convictions` | `f4th-142-308-us-v-kimble.case` |
| applied | procedural | element commerce-possession | not-reached | | `f4th-142-308-us-v-kimble.case` |
| applied | procedural | element possession | not-reached | `constructive/control` | `f3d-481-882-us-v-nance.case` -- count=single count, possession "on or about December 12, 2003"; theory=constructive possession on the charged date (key to a locked safe in another person's residence); admitted handling four days earlier used as evidence of access and control |
| applied | procedural | element status.g1 | not-reached | `proof-of-prior-conviction/certified-records-with-offense-details-no-stipulation` | `f3d-32-867-us-v-rhodes.case` -- count=Count Six (possession of a Beretta .380 pistol) |
| applied | superseded | element possession | not-satisfied [no-evidence] | `constructive/presence-at-scene-of-gun-store-burglary` | `f3d-422-207-us-v-moye.case` -- count=Count I, defendant as principal; theory=constructive possession (government did not allege actual possession); opinion=panel majority (reheard en banc; convictions affirmed, 454 F.3d 390, IR /f3d/454/0390-01 -- not yet annotated) |
| applied | superseded | element status.g1 | not-satisfied [law] | `civil-rights-restoration/certificate-silent-on-firearms` | `f2d-899-543-us-v-cassidy.case` -- count=Counts II and III; opinion=district court (reversed) |
| background | merits | element possession | not-reached | | `f-supp-3d-162-1106-us-v-dunlap.case` |
| background | procedural | element status.g1 | not-reached | `prior-felony/principal-in-aiding-and-abetting-theory` | `f3d-422-207-us-v-moye.case` -- party=Briggs and Cooper (the putative principals); count=Count I, aiding-and-abetting theory (18 U.S.C. 2); theory=aiding and abetting a felon in possession requires that the person aided be a felon |
| comparator | merits | element commerce-possession | not-reached | `categorical-match/state-offense-lacks-jurisdictional-element` | `f3d-592-681-hernandez-v-holder.case` -- count=Texas offense of conviction, Tex. Penal Code 46.04(a); theory=categorical comparison of the state offense to 922(g)(1): the jurisdictional element is disregarded |
| comparator | merits | element commerce-possession | not-reached | `affecting-commerce/unrecovered-firearm-no-proof-of-out-of-state-manufacture` | `f3d-697-592-us-v-spears.case` -- theory=contrast between the commerce effect of producing a fake driver's licence (1028(c)(3)(A)) and of possessing a firearm (922(g), Groves) |
| comparator | merits | element possession | satisfied [conceded] | `categorical-match/state-felon-in-possession-offense` | `f3d-592-681-hernandez-v-holder.case` -- count=Texas offense of conviction, Tex. Penal Code 46.04(a); theory=categorical comparison of the state offense to 922(g)(1): substantive elements |
| comparator | merits | element status.g1 | not-reached | `categorical-nature/felon-in-possession-as-bail-act-crime-of-violence` | `f-supp-2d-28-805-us-v-campbell.case` -- theory=categorical characterization of the felon-in-possession offense as a Bail Reform Act crime of violence |
| comparator | merits | element status.g1 | satisfied [law] | `punishable-term/statutory-maximum-not-state-guidelines-range` | `f-supp-3d-162-1106-us-v-dunlap.case` -- theory=parallel phrase in ACCA 924(e)(2)(B) and U.S.S.G. 4B1.2(a) ("punishable by imprisonment for a term exceeding one year"), applied to Oregon Class C felony predicates |
| comparator | merits | element status.g1 | satisfied [conceded] | `categorical-match/state-felon-in-possession-offense` | `f3d-592-681-hernandez-v-holder.case` -- count=Texas offense of conviction, Tex. Penal Code 46.04(a); theory=categorical comparison of the state offense to 922(g)(1): substantive elements |
| comparator | merits | element status.g9 | not-reached | `force-element/causing-bodily-injury-entails-use-of-force` | `f-supp-3d-162-1106-us-v-dunlap.case` -- theory=Castleman's reading of the 921(a)(33) force element borrowed to construe the ACCA force clause |
| comparator | procedural | element possession | not-reached | `actual/control` | `f-supp-2d-28-805-us-v-campbell.case` |
| rule-announced | merits | element commerce-possession | not-reached | `prior-interstate-movement/crossed-state-line-before-possession` | `f3d-481-882-us-v-nance.case` |
| rule-announced | merits | element possession | not-reached | | `us-519-172-old-chief-v-us.case` |
| rule-announced | procedural | element possession | not-reached | `constructive/control` | `f3d-41-25-us-v-rogers.case` -- theory=jury instruction defining constructive possession ("dominion or control"; ownership relevant), plain-error review |
| rule-announced | procedural | element possession | not-reached | `constructive/contraband-in-residence-defendant-has-key-to` | `f3d-683-1314-us-v-cochran.case` -- count=count one (ammunition in a bedroom dresser drawer); jury acquittal, not reviewed; theory=constructive possession inferred from control of the premises (jury instruction common to the ammunition and drug counts) |
| rule-announced | procedural | element status.g1 | not-reached | `proof-of-prior-conviction/defendant-offers-to-stipulate-felon-status` | `us-519-172-old-chief-v-us.case` |
## Fact-line polarity
66 fact lines: cuts-against 22, supports 44; 4 of them flagged `absent` (the court notes what is NOT alleged or proved).