Source: cases/15usc1/ELEMENTS
# 15 U.S.C. § 1 (Sherman Act § 1) -- provisional element vocabulary. agreement "contract, combination ... or conspiracy": concerted action between separate economic actors (plurality; proof/pleading of agreement) restraint unreasonable "restraint of trade": mode of analysis (per se / quick look / rule of reason) and the anticompetitive effect; sub: restraint.per-se, restraint.rule-of-reason, restraint.market-power commerce "trade or commerce among the several States, or with foreign nations" intent criminal prosecutions: knowing participation / intent injury private suit (Clayton Act §4/§16): antitrust injury, fact of damage standing private suit: antitrust standing / proper plaintiff (directness, indirect purchaser)